331 nomadic households in Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Xinjiang Construction Corps were investigated to evaluate the effect of putting the policies of returning grazing land to forage land into effect and to provide scientific base for carrying out and improving the policies of returning grazing land to forage land through scientific research methods like questionnaires and interviews, and the effect of putting the policies of returning grazing land to forage land into effect and grassland ecological changes were studied. The results showed that carrying out the policies of returning grazing land to forage land improved grassland ecological environment effectively, promoted the changes of herders' production way and production structure, improved herders' income structure, and their living standard has been improved to some extend.%为了对退牧还草政策的实施效果进行客观的总结和评估,提供我国退牧还草政策实施和改进的科学依据,通过问卷和访谈等社会科学研究方法,对内蒙古、宁夏、青海、新疆和新疆生产建设兵团的331个牧户家庭进行了调查研究,并对退牧还草政策对牧民生产生活的影响和草原生态变化进行了分析研究.调查研究结果表明,退牧还草政策的实施有效地改善了草原生态环境,促进了牧民生产方式和生产结构的转变,改善了牧民的收入结构,使牧民生活水平有了一定提高.
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