松浦红镜鲤形态学特征及主要经济性状的初步研究

摘要

Early juvenile Songpu red mirror carp (Cyprinus carp io Songpu red mirror),cattered scale (Cyprinus carpio L.mirror) mirror carp and cold-resistance line of Hebao red carp (Cyprinus carpio red var.Vuguanensis) were together stocked into a 0.047 hm2 pond at a rate of 705 individuals for each variety and reared to fingerlings,and 2-year-old juveniles were co-cultured in a 0.2 hm2 pond at a rate of 500 individuals for each variety to compare the morphological features and major enconomic characters of each variety of carp.The feeding and management were the same in the ponds,and the quality and morphological characters of the fish were measured by GB/T 18654.2-2008 and GB/T 18654.3-2008 standards.The results showed that there were higher standard length/body height,standard length/caudal peduncle height,standard length/head length,and head length/snout length in Songpu red mirror carp than those in scattered mirror carp and cold-resistance line of Hebao red carp.According to the principal component analysis of the meristic characters,three principal components were established,with the related contribution rates of 50.94％ in standard length/body height,17.08％ in standard length/caudal peduncle height and 13.68％ in standard length/head length,and with cumulative contribution rate of 81.7％.Scatter plots of scores of principle components revealed that Songpu red mirror carp was clearly separated from other varieties.It is found that Songpu mirror carp has significantly higher major economic characters including specific weight gain rate,relative weight gain rate,net weight gain,survival rate during culture and overwintering than cold-resistance line of Hebao red carp does,without significant differences from scattered mirror carp.%将松浦红镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio Songpu red mirror)、散鳞镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.mirror)和荷包红鲤(Cyprinus carpio red var.Vuguanensis)抗寒品系乌仔各705尾放养到0.047hm2池塘中,同塘培育到鱼种;春片鱼种各500尾放养到0.2hm2池塘中;各池塘的投喂和饲养管理相同,按GB/T 18654.2-2008和GB/T 18654.3-2008标准测定鱼体质量和形态性状.结果显示,松浦红镜鲤体长/体高、体长/尾柄高、体长/头长、头长/吻长大于散鳞镜鲤和荷包红鲤抗寒品系;三个品种的8个可量比例性状主成分分析构建的3个主成分贡献率分别为:50.94％、17.08％、13.68％,累计贡献率达81.70％;主成分散点图显示,松浦红镜鲤聚成独立一簇,与其他品种明显区分;特定增重率、相对增重率、净增重、饲养成活率及越冬成活率等主要经济性状均显著高于荷包红鲤抗寒品系(P＜0.05),但与散鳞镜鲤无明显差异.