蜂窝型低爆速乳化炸药的制备及应用

摘要

Aiming at the existing problems of explosion welding explosive,glass microspheres are used as sensitizing agent and diluent,by changing the size and content of glass microsphere,the effect of size and content of glass microsphere on detonation properties of emulsion explosive were studied by using electrical measuring methods to measure detonation veloci-ty.Aluminum honeycomb explosive with the detonation velocity of 2530.5m/s was manufactured,and the effect of size and content of glass microsphere on the density and detonation velocity of emulsion explosive was studied.Copper/steel ex-plosion welding was conducted and the bonding quality of the clad plate at the interface was observed by metallographic mi-croscope(OM).The results show that sensitization effect and detonation velocity adjustment effect of glass microsphere with small size(particle diameter:5-100 μm)are good than those of glass microsphere with large size(particle diameter:70-200 μm).When glass microsphere content of emulsion explosive is less than 1% or greater than 40%,the phenome-non of misfire will happen.When glass microsphere content with small size(particle diameter:5-100 μm)is greater than 5% and less than 30%,detonation velocity and density of emulsion explosive respectively decrease from 4915m/s to 1923m/s and from 1.14 g/cm3to 0.70 g/cm3with the increase of glass microsphere content.The critical thickness of alu-minum honeycomb explosive with the detonation velocity of 2530.5m/s is 9mm.The aluminum honeycomb panel can de-crease the critical diameter of emulsion explosive.The interface of copper/steel clad plate shows small wave shape and has good bonding quality.%针对目前爆炸复合炸药存在的问题,采用玻璃微球作为敏化剂和稀释剂,通过改变玻璃微球尺寸与含量,利用电测法测量爆速,研究其对乳化炸药爆轰性能的影响;制备爆速为2530.5 m/s的蜂窝结构乳化炸药,分析了玻璃微球尺寸和含量对乳化炸药密度及爆速的影响;然后进行铜/钢爆炸复合,再通过金相显微镜(OM)观察复合板界面的结合性能.结果表明,小尺寸(粒径为5~100 μm)玻璃微球的敏化效果和调节爆速效果均比大尺寸(粒径为70~200 μm)玻璃微球的要好;乳化炸药的玻璃微球质量分数小于1% 或者大于40% 时,均会发生拒爆现象;小尺寸(粒径为5~ 100 μm)玻璃微球的质量分数在5% ~ 30% 时,随着玻璃微球含量的增加,乳化炸药爆速从4915 m/s降至1923 m/s,密度从1.14 g/cm3降至0.70 g/cm3;爆速2530.5 m/s的铝蜂窝结构炸药临界厚度为9 mm,蜂窝板可以降低乳化炸药的临界直径;铜/钢复合板界面呈小波状,具有良好的结合质量.