糖尿病相关黄斑病变硬性渗出的危险因素及治疗

摘要

糖尿病相关黄斑病变是常见的与糖尿病相关的眼底改变,主要表现为黄斑区硬性渗出,是糖尿病患者视力下降的主要原因之一.近年来,随着糖尿病相关黄斑病变发病率的升高,其各种临床特征也逐渐受到关注.国内外研究认为,许多全身因素,如血糖、血压、血脂、炎性因子、基因易感性等在糖尿病视网膜病变的发生、发展过程中发挥重要作用,但黄斑区硬性渗出是否也受上述全身因素影响目前尚未得到证实.由于糖尿病黄斑病变硬性渗出可引起视功能永久性丧失,因此了解其发病的危险因素对糖尿病相关黄斑病变的防治至关重要.本文中对近年来的相关研究结果进行总结,评价相关危险因素及有效、相对安全的治疗措施,为最终通过全身综合干预及局部治疗、早期控制糖尿病黄斑病变硬性渗出提供依据和新的思路.%Diabetes-related macular exudation is a common fundus change associated with diabetes mellitus,charactered by hard exudates of macular area.It is one of main causes of lowing vision in diabetic patients.The incidence of diabetes-related macular exudation is increasing recent years,and therefore the diabetic maculopathy is also a matter of urgent concern.Domestic and international studies suggested that many systemic factors,such as blood glucose level,blood pressure,hypertension,higher blood lipid,inflammatory factors and genetic predisposition,exert impacts in the pathogenesis and development of diabetic retinopathy.However,whether the hard exudates of macular area also is associated with systemic factors mentioned above is unclear up to now.Since the hard exudates of diabetic maculopathy may leads to permanent loss of visual function,it is very important for us to find the effective prevent and managing approaches.This paper aimed to review the progress in this field and summarize the relevant risk factors that must be strictly controlled.