模拟人角膜内皮细胞微环境诱导人胚胎干细胞分化为角膜内皮细胞的研究进展

摘要

角膜内皮供体不足成为开展角膜内皮移植等手术的主要问题,生物工程角膜为角膜内皮移植的开展提供了解决途径.人胚胎干细胞(ESCs)诱导分化出功能性角膜内皮细胞后可以在一定程度上缓解角膜供体不足,尤其是角膜内皮供应不足的现状.目前理想可行的方法是体外模拟角膜内皮细胞的发育过程,将人ESCs诱导分化为神经嵴干细胞(NCSCs),再利用生长因子和细胞外基质构建细胞生长的微环境,制备适当的条件培养基以诱导NCSCs分化为角膜内皮细胞.目前NCSCs相关的诱导机制尚不十分清楚,有待进一步研究.本文就微环境对角膜内皮细胞发育过程的影响,以及诱导人ESCs分化为角膜内皮细胞等方面的研究进展进行综述.%The lack of donor corneal endothelium is a serious impediment to the development of corneal endothelial transplantation,whereas the bioengineered cornea provides an approach to this problem.Functional corneal endothelial cells which differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can,to some extent,relieve the lack of donor corneas,especially for corneal endothelia.At the moment,an optimal way of offering bioengineered-corneal endothelium is to cultivate the corneal endothelial cells in vitro.This is a process of inducing human ESCs to differentiate into neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) and then into corneal endothelial cells in a favorable medium with growth factors and extracellular matrix,which are matched microenvironment of endothelial cells in vitro.However,the inducement condition is still pending and remains for further research.This article reviewed the researching development of bioengineered-corneal endothelium from the effect of microenvironment and the induction of human ESCs.