空气污染是指大气中污染物的浓度超过正常范围而对人或其他生物造成危害的现象.空气污染不仅会引起全身的症状和损害,也会对眼表产生影响,引起眼红、流泪、异物感等症状,并导致泪液的成分改变及泪膜稳定性下降,甚至损伤眼表上皮细胞.空气污染损伤眼表的机制主要为污染物对眼表细胞的直接毒性作用及其通过眼表面泪液功能单位而产生的继发性改变,其他损伤机制还包括污染物引起的炎症反应、诱导氧化应激产生等.如何防治环境因素造成的眼表损害将是今后眼科医师面临的挑战.本文从大气污染物来源、成分及其引起的眼表改变和发生机制等方面对空气污染影响眼表的研究现状进行综述.%Air pollution is the over emission of harmful materials into atmosphere,causing damage to human beings and other organisms.Some researches indicate that air pollution can damage ocular surface,change the tear's ingredients,and cause some symptoms,such as red eyes,lacrimation,foreign body sensation and so on.It can also change the components of the tear and damage the epithelial cells of the eyes.The mechanisms including the direct effects of the pollutant,the secondary changes of the tear,the inflammation and the oxidative stress response.As the growing problems of air pollution,its influence on ocular surface has been attracting more and more attentions.How to prevent the damage caused by air pollution is the question that ophthalmologists should think about in the future.In this paper,we focus on the sources and ingredients of air pollution,the changes and the pathogenesis of ocular surface caused by air pollution and the summary of the studies of air pollution on the ocular surface in the past few years.Studying the influence of air pollution on ocular surface significantly contributes to the theoretical research and clinical prevention.
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