MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short nucleotide non-coding RNAs which widely exist in eukaryotic organisms,involved in the body's life process,including cell growth,differentiation,proliferation,apoptosis and autophagy.MiR-204-5p is located on chromosome TRPM3 in the 9q21.12 large intron 6 expression,and miR-204 plays an important role in corneal wound healing process;and it regulates retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tight junction integrity and maintains the blood retina barrier in a quiescent state;in human trabecular meshwork cells,miR-204 appears to play an important role in the regulation of responses to endoplasmic reticulum stress,apoptosis,and production of inflammatory mediators.Identification of additional target genes will be necessary to fully understand the biological functions of miR-204.These studies found that it is a multidimensional expression in the eye,suggesting that miR-204 is likely to be the key miRNA in different eye diseases.This article reviews the biosynthesis of miRNA,the relationship between miR-204 and diabetic keratopathy,RPE cells,human trabecular meshwork cells,age-related cataract,diabetic retinopathy,retinoblastoma and autophagy,and explore the prevention of ocular refractory diseases with new targets.%微小RNA(miRNA)是一类广泛存在于真核生物体内、长度为20～ 25个核苷酸、具有调控功能的非编码单链RNA,参与机体的各种生命进程,包括细胞的生长、分化、增生、凋亡和自噬.miRNA-204-5p(miR-204-5p)是由位于染色体9q21.12上的TRPM3大内含子6表达.研究发现,miR-204在角膜损伤愈合过程中起着十分重要的作用,亦能够保持静止状态下血-视网膜屏障的稳定,并且在人小梁网细胞中,miR-204与细胞的凋亡、生存能力以及炎症介质的表达有着重要联系.这些研究都表明miR-204在眼部呈多维表达,提示miR-204很可能是不同眼部疾病的关键miRNA.本文从miRNA的生物合成,miR-204与糖尿病性角膜病变、视网膜色素上皮细胞、人小梁网细胞、年龄相关性白内障、糖尿病视网膜病变、视网膜母细胞瘤的关系,以及miR-204与自噬的相关研究等几个方面,就miR-204调控眼科疾病的研究进展进行综述,为探寻眼部难治性疾病的防治方法寻找新的靶点.
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