青光眼视神经损伤与修复期待精准的个体化治疗

摘要

青光眼是临床上常见的以视神经损害为主要特征的致盲眼病,降低眼压仍是目前治疗青光眼的主要方法,但一些患者眼压虽然得到合理控制,视神经损害却难以恢复,甚至持续发展,因此其病理机制的研究和视神经损害的防治研究一直是近年来青光眼治疗研究的热点.最近随着生物医学研究的快速发展,尽管青光眼视神经损伤和修复的基础研究已经取得了显著进展,青光眼视神经损伤的机制已得到阐明,但是鲜见证据充分的、有确定疗效的临床研究报道.目前基因组学研究、干细胞研究、分子生物学研究、电子技术在医学中的应用研究等取得了长足进步,尤其是大数据时代的到来更为临床上青光眼的神经保护研究奠定了良好的基础.眼科医生应关注大数据信息时代为疾病精准化治疗带来的机遇和挑战,聚焦于青光眼视神经保护的精准个体化治疗,降低青光眼的致盲率.%Glaucoma is a common blinding eye disease mainly characterized by optic nerve damage.Lowing intraocular pressure is still the main managing method of glaucoma up to now.However,although the intraocular pressure is reasonably controlled,optic nerve damage is difficult to recovery and sustainable development in some patients.Therefore,the pathogenesis and prevention and treatment of glaucoma have always been the hot spot of the research of glaucoma in recent years.Even though the big progresses have been made in the experimental research of optical nerve injury and repair,little good evidence has been seen in the clinical management of glaucoma neuroprotection.In recent years,genomics study,stem cells study,molecular biological study,electronic technology application in medical research,especially the rise of big data era laid a good basis for the neuroprotection of glaucoma.Ophthalmologists should focus on new insights into the potential and beyond impact factors in the precise individual therapy of glaucoma neuroprotection.