Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is one of the serious ocular complications of patients with diabetes mellitus and also the leading cause of blindness.Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is an effective treatment for severe vitreous hemorrhage and PDR.The intraocular concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of patients with PDR usually increase abnormally,which promote growth of neovessels and make it early to leak and bleed.Numerous neovessels in vitreous cavity and retinal surface can lead to intraoperative bleeding and may affect the definition and precision of operation and prolong surgical time.If we conduct gas/fluid exchange regardless of severe active bleeding,proliferate membrane may reoccur at a high rate postoperatively due to the residual platelet and impair the success rate of surgery seriously.In addition,with the high activity of neovessels,anterior chamber,vitreous and retinal hemorrhage may appear as well as other postoperative complications like postoperative high intraocular pressure caused by inflammation or hemorrhage and traction retinal detachment because of reoccurrence of fibro membrane,which directly affect the postoperative visual function recovery and long-term prognosis.As wide clinical application of anti-VEGF agents in recent years,studies found that preoperative intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs assisted PPV can limit the activity of neovessels and significantly reduce the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding,facilitate operation,shorten surgical time and improve the success rate of surgery.In this paper,the mechanism,effectiveness,clinical utility and safety of anti-VEGF therapy assisted vitrectomy for the treatment of PDR are reviewed.%增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)是糖尿病患者严重眼部并发症之一,是导致患者失明的主要原因.玻璃体切除术(PPV)是治疗严重玻璃体积血、增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的有效方法.但是由于PDR患者眼内血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)浓度异常增高,使得玻璃体腔内和视网膜表面存在大量的新生血管,极易渗漏、出血,术中常常出现活动性出血而降低手术野的清晰度,降低操作精准度进而影响手术进程.在较严重活动性出血的情况下,继续进行气/液交换可导致血小板的残留,术后再次出现机化膜的概率非常高,严重影响手术的成功率.另外,新生血管可引起术后前房出血、再次玻璃体积血以及视网膜表面出血等,炎症、积血造成的术后高眼压,机化膜再次牵拉视网膜脱离等并发症也将随之而来,严重影响其术后视功能的恢复和远期预后.随着近几年抗VEGF药物的广泛临床应用,研究发现PPV前玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药物可抑制新生血管的活动性,显著减少术中及术后出血的发生,降低手术难度,缩短手术时间,有效提高手术成功率.本文就抗VEGF辅助PPV治疗增生性视网膜病变的分子机制、临床应用、有效性及安全性等进行综述.
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