河南某高校教职工高血压发生率及影响因素研究

摘要

To survey and analyze the incidence and influencing factors of hypertension in university teaching staff, a special population, and to provide evidence for hypertension prevention and treatment in universities and colleges. Methods The prevalence of hypertension was retrospectively analyzed in teaching staff in a university of Henan Province from May 15, 2017 to Jan. 18, 2018, and then a subgroup analysis was conducted according to blood sugar, body mass index (BMI), sex and age. Results There were totally 4717 teachers included. The incidence of hypertension was 31.40% (95%CI: 30.07%~32.72%), and the hypertensive level was at grade 1 in most of hypertensive patients 22.79% (95%CI:21.59%~23.99%). The results of Chi-square test analysis showed that the incidence of hypertension was 39.45% (95%CI: 37.53%~41.36%) in the male and 22.30% (95%CI: 20.57%~24.04%) in the female. The incidence of hypertension was 15.06% (95%CI: 13.27%~16.84%) in patients aged≥40, 34.24% (95%CI: 32.09%~36.38%) in those aged from 40 to 60, and 46.69% (95%CI: 43.97%~49.40%) in those aged>60. The incidence of hypertension was 13.56% (95%CI: 7.38%~19.74%) in patients with BMI≤18.5 kg/m2, 24.02% (95%CI: 22.45%~25.59%) in those with BMI=18.5 kg/m2~25 kg/m2, 42.57% (95%CI: 40.12%~45.03%) in those with BMI≤30 kg/m2, and 58.25% (95%CI: 51.52%~64.99%) in those with BMI>30 kg/m2. The incidence of hypertension was 27.94% (95%CI: 26.56%~29.31%) in patients with normal blood sugar, and 54.18% (95%CI: 50.26%~58.10%) in patients with high blood sugar. Therefore, sex, age, BMI and blood sugar all increased the prevalence of hypertension (P<0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension is higher in a university of Henan Province. The major influencing factors on blood pressure level include male, advanced age, overweight/ obese and higher blood sugar. The population influenced by above factors should be the key population in hypertension prevention and treatment.%目的 调查分析高校教职工这一特殊人群高血压发病情况及相关影响因素,为高校高血压综合防治提供依据.方法 回顾分析2017年5月15日至2018年1月18日期间河南省某高校参加体检的教职工中高血压的患病情况,并按血糖、体质指数、性别及年龄进行亚组分析.结果 共纳入4717名职工,高血压发生率为31.40%(95%CI:30.07%~32.72%),且大多数高血压人群都处于1级高血压水平22.79%(95%CI:21.59%~23.99%),卡方检验分析结果显示男性高血压发生率为39.45% (95%CI:37.53%~41.36%),女性高血压发生率为22.30%(95%CI:20.57%~24.04%);不同年龄段高血压发生率分别为,年龄≥40岁15.06%(95%CI:13.27%~16.84%),年龄40~60岁34.24% (95%CI:32.09%~36.38%)及＞60岁46.69%(95%CI:43.97%~49.40%);不同体质指数的高血压发生率分别是≤18.5 kg/m2为13.56%(95%CI:7.38%~19.74%),体质指数18.5~25 kg/m2为24.02% (95%CI:22.45%~25.59%),体质指数≤30 kg/m2为42.57%(95%CI: 40.12%~45.03%),超重人群＞30 kg/m2为58.25%(95%CI:51.52%~64.99%);血糖正常人群高血压发生率为27.94%(95%CI: 26.56%~29.31%),高血糖人群为54.18%(95%CI:50.26%~58.10%).因此,性别、年龄、体质指数和血糖均能显著增加高血压发生率(P＜0.001).结论 河南省某高校教职工高血压患病率较高,男性、高龄、超重/肥胖及高血糖为影响血压水平的主要因素,具有上述因素的人群为高血压防治的重点人群.