2011-2016年全国6～22岁学生人群法定传染病监测数据分析

摘要

目的 分析2011-2016年全国6～22岁学生人群法定传染病发病特征,为法定传染病防控提供依据.方法 分析2011-2016年全国6～22岁学生人群法定传染病发病、死亡监测数据,对其发病主要特征进行阐述和分析.结果 2011-2016年全国6～22岁学生人群甲乙丙类传染病发病率整体呈下降趋势,从2012年最高发病率248.24/10万降至2016年158.57/10万.甲乙丙类传染病死亡率也呈下降趋势,从2011年最高死亡率0.12/10万降至2016年0.07/10万.甲乙类传染病年均发病率居前4位的病种为肺结核(16.24/10万)、猩红热(9.39/10万)、乙型肝炎(乙肝)(7.69/10万)及细菌性和阿米巴性痢疾(痢疾)(7.15/10万).年均死亡率居前4位的病种为狂犬病(0.044 8/10万)、艾滋病(0.0277/10万)、肺结核(0.0080/10万)和流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)(0.0059/10万).同期丙类传染病年均发病率居前4位的病种为流行性腮腺炎(75.81/10万)、手足口病(28.55/10万)、其他感染性腹泻病(22.41/10万)和流行性感冒(15.67/10万).报告死亡的病种有手足口病(11例)、流行性感冒(9例)、流行性腮腺炎(1例)和风疹(1例).大学生、高中生以艾滋病、乙肝、肺结核发病率较高,而小学生、初中生则以流行性腮腺炎、流行性感冒、手足口病发病率较高.结论 2011-2016年全国6～22岁学生人群法定传染病发病、死亡水平均有明显下降.学生人群面临传染病防控新的挑战,艾滋病成为大学生人群的流行传染病,肺结核在大学生、高中生人群的流行也不容忽视.%Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases among Chinese students from 2011 to 2016 and to provide reference for the effective prevention and control programs on infectious disease among students.Methods Both morbidity and mortality of notifiable infectious diseases among Chinese students aged 6-22 years from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed,with main characteristics of the disease described.Results During 2011 to 2016,morbidities of Categories A,B and C infectious diseases among the Chinese students aged 6-22 years showed a decreasing trend,from 248.24/100 000 in 2012 to 158.57/100 000 in 2016.Mortality rates of Category A,B and C infectious diseases had also decreased from 0.12/100 000 in 2011 to 0.07/100 000 in 2016.The average morbidity of the top four diseases from Category A and B infectious diseases appeared as:tuberculosis (16.24/100 000),scarlet fever (9.39/100 000),hepatitis B (7.69/100 000) and bacillary and amebic dysentery (7.15/100 000).The average rates of mortality on the top four diseases appeared as:rabies (0.044 8/100 000),HIV/AIDS (0.027 7/100 000),tuberculosis (0.008 0/100 000) and Japanese encephalitis (0.005 9/100 000).The average rates of morbidity on the top four diseases appeared as:mumps (75.81/100 000),hand-foot-mouth disease (28.55/100 000),other infectious diarrhea (22.41/100 000) and influenza (15.67/100 000) in the Category C.Reported death cases were from hand-foot-mouth disease (11 cases),influenza (9 cases),mumps (1 case) and rubella (1 case).The prevalence rates varied among different student populations,with higher HIV/AIDS,hepatitis B and tuberculosis rates among college and senior high school students,while higher mumps,influenza and hand-foot-mouth disease rates among primary school and junior high school students.Conclusions Both morbidity and mortality of notiflable infectious diseases among Chinese students aged 6-22 years had decreased significantly in 2011-2016.However,the major infectious diseases had become new challenges among students.HIV/AIDS had become a key infectious disease among college students and the relatively high prevalence of tuberculosis was seen in college and high school students.