非艾滋病病毒感染临床病例肺孢子菌肺炎的流行病学研究

摘要

目的 了解非HIV感染临床病例肺孢子菌肺炎(PCP)的流行现状.方法 用六亚甲基四胺银(GMs)染色镜检和PCR对851例非HIV感染肺炎患者进行检测,从患者痰液或支气管肺泡灌洗液中查到肺孢子菌包囊或DNA为确诊PCP的依据.结果 851例肺炎患者中,肺孢子菌GMS阳性123例(14.5%),PCR阳性202例(23.7%);有免疫功能低下表现的肺炎患者肺孢子菌检出率最高,GMS和PCR阳性率分别高达28.2%和39.4%;在高龄慢性病患者和无明确免疫受损史、肺感染原因待查患者中亦检出PCP患者,GMS阳性率分别为8.7%和10.9%,PCR阳性率分别为17.5%和19.6%.结论 非HIV感染临床病例发生PCP的风险较高,临床医师应注意鉴别有无PCP的可能.%Objective To analyze the epidemiologic features of Pneumocystis pcumonia (PCP) among non-HIV infected patients in China. Methods Sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens obtained from 851 pneumonia patients without HIV infection from Jan. 2006 to Oct. 2008 were detected, using PCR and Gomori' s methenamine silver (GMS) stain for Pneumocystis jirovecii. Results Of the 615 sputum specimens, P.jirovecii positive rates of PCR and GMS stain were 20.3% and 10.2% respectively (P<0.05). Of 236 BALF specimens, P. jirovecii positive rates of PCR and GMS stain were 32.6% and 25.5% respectively (P0.05). Of the total 851 pneumonia cases, 123 (14.5%) were GMS positive for P.jirovecii cyst and 202 cases (23.7%) were PCR positive for P. jirovecii DNA. In those immuno-suppressed patient group including patients with connective tissue diseases, organ transplant recipients, nephrotic, hematologic diseases and malignant tumor, P. jirovecii positive rate appeared the highest, 28.2% for GMS stain and 39.4% for PCR. There were also PCP patients in the immuno-competcnt pneumonia patient groups including senile patients with chronic diseases and patients without clear predisposing immuno-deficiencies. The positive rates of P. jiroveeii GMS were 8.7% and 10.9% , respectively and 17.5% and 19.6% for P. jiroveeii under PCR.Conclusion PCR assay seemed sensitive for the detection of P. jirovecii in the sputum specimens and could be used for screening PCP patients without HIV infection. Our data showed that there was high risk of PCP in non-HIV infected patients in China.