中国2012年18～59岁就业流动人口饮酒现状分析

摘要

Objective To understand the drinking behaviors and pattems among floating population in China.Methods Floating population were selected through multistage clustering sampling method,stratified by 6 major industries in 170 counties and districts from 31 provinces/ autonomous regions,and Xinjiang Construction Corps,in mainland China.Design-based methods were adopted to analyze the drinking behavior in subpopulations.Results A total of 48 697 floating population aged 18-59 years were included in the study.The overall prevalence rate of drinking was 51.7％ with 71.9％ in men and 24.7％ in women,in the last 12 months.Among those who ever drank,the weekly drinking prevalence and daily alcohol intake were 53.9％ and 18.7 g in males while 16.7％ and 4.1 g in females,respectively,among those floating population.Weekly drinking prevalence rates,for both genders,increased along with the increase of age (P＜ 0.01),but declining with having higher education level (P＜0.01).Among male drinkers,daily alcohol intake increased with age (P＜0.01) but declining with those having higher education (P＜0.01).Prevalence rates on excessive drinking,hazardous drinking and harmful drinking among male drinkers were 23.6％,6.6％ and 6.9％,respectively,but among female drinkers the figures were 6.3％,2.3％ and 1.5％,respectively.More male and older drinkers had excessive drinking,hazardous drinking or harmful drinking than the younger drinkers (P＜0.01),while less male drinkers in those having lower education (P＜0.01).71.2％ male and 33.1％ female drinkers experienced at least once binge drinking in the last 12 months.Distribution of binge drinking frequencies were statistically different among male drinkers by age groups,education levels,or occupation they engaged in (P＜0.01).Among all the 6 occupations,floating population from the construction industry had the highest prevalence rates on items as weekly drinking,daily alcohol intake and prevalence of unhealthy drinking behaviors,except for hazardous drinking behaviors.Conclusion Drinking behavior was prevalent among floating population in China.Significant difference was seen between genders.Unhealthy drinking behaviors varied greatly among male drinkers at different age groups or education levels as well as among those working in the different industries.%目的 了解我国18 ～ 59岁就业流动人口的饮酒行为和模式.方法 2012年在全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)和新疆生产建设兵团的170个县(区、团),按行业分层多阶段整群抽取≥18岁流动人口作为样本,分析流动人口调查前12个月饮酒状况.结果 共有48 697名样本人群纳入分析.调查前12个月饮酒率为51.7％(男性为71.9％,女性为24.7％).饮酒者中男性每周饮酒率和日均酒精摄入量分别为53.9％和18.7 g,女性分别为16.7％和4.1g.饮酒者每周饮酒率随年龄增加而升高(P＜0.01),随文化程度提高而降低(P＜0.01).男性饮酒者日均酒精摄入量随年龄增加而升高(P＜0.01),随文化程度提高而降低(P＜0.01).过量饮酒、危险饮酒和有害饮酒流行率在男性饮酒者中分别为23.6％、6.6％和6.9％,在女性饮酒者中分别为6.3％、2.3％和1.5％.在男性饮酒者中,过量饮酒、危险饮酒和有害饮酒流行率均随年龄增加而上升(P＜0.01),随文化程度提高而降低(P＜0.01).男性和女性饮酒者过去12个月发生豪饮行为的比例分别为71.2％和33.1％.在男性饮酒者中,豪饮行为的频率分布在不同年龄、文化程度及行业间的差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).各行业中,从事建筑业的男性饮酒者每周饮酒率、日均酒精摄入量、过量饮酒、有害饮酒和豪饮流行率均为最高.结论 我国流动人口饮酒行为普遍,性别差别较大;不良饮酒行为在男性饮酒者中存在明显的年龄、文化程度和行业差异.