2008-2013年全国伤害监测系统中跌倒/坠落病例特征分析

摘要

目的 了解2008-2013年全国伤害监测系统中跌倒/坠落伤害病例的构成变化趋势和2013年跌倒/坠落病例分布特征,为制定预防控制策略和措施提供依据.方法 描述性分析2008-2013年因跌倒/坠落伤害首次在全国伤害监测系统哨点医院门/急诊室就诊的病例.结果 2008-2013年共监测跌倒/坠落病例1 223 905例,占全部伤害病例数的32.94％,男女性别比为1.57,跌倒/坠落病例数量和占全部伤害病例的比例均呈逐年上升趋势.2013年跌倒/坠落病例271 502例,其中15 ～ 64岁(劳动力人口)占66.63％,0～4、5～ 14和≥65岁年龄组占各自年龄组全部伤害病例的55.53％、52.93％和56.59％;病例性别比为1.54,且男性比例随年龄增加而减少.跌倒/坠落发生高峰时间段是10:00--10:59(占全天病例的10.04％)和14:00-20:59(占全天病例的43.56％).跌倒/坠落发生地点构成前三位分别是家中(33.03％)、公共居住场所(22.79％)、公路/街道(15.49％).跌倒/坠落发生时伤者状态的构成前三位分别是休闲活动(65.38％)、有偿工作(13.01％)、家务/学习(7.52％).受伤部位构成前三位分别是头部(30.41％)、下肢(27.43％)、上肢(21.93％).跌倒/坠落以挫伤/擦伤为主(54.60％),其次是扭伤/拉伤(16.87％)、骨折(15.48％).跌倒/坠落伤害的严重程度以轻度为主(77.76％),随年龄增加,中、重度伤害比例逐渐增加.结论 跌倒/坠落伤害是我国主要伤害类型,其在全部伤害中的构成呈逐年增加趋势,其预防应以儿童和老年人为重点人群.%Objective To analyze the trend and distribution of Falls,using the data from National Injury Surveillance System (NISS),2008-2013,to provide basic information for Fall prevention.Methods Data of Falls was descriptively analyzed from the Chinese NISS from 2008 to 2013.Results In total,1 223 905 cases of Falls were analyzed,that accounted for 32.94％ of all the injury cases,with the gender ratio as 1.57.Both the number and the proportion of the cases showed an increasing trend.Labor population (15-64 years-old) accounted for 66.63％ of the total 271 502 cases of Falls in 2013.Cases aged 0-4,5-14 and over 65 accounted for 55.53％,52.93％ and 56.59％ among all the types of injuries in each of their age group.Gender ratio appeared to be 1.54 but more females cases were seen with the increase of age.The peak hours that injuries took place were 10:00-10:59 AM (10.04％ of total) and 14:00-20:59 PM (43.56％ of total).The top three places that injuries took place were home (33.03％),public residents (22.79％) and on the roads (15.49％).Recreation activates (65.38％),paid jobs (13.01％) and housework (7.52％) were the three major ways causing the Falls to take place.The most common parts of body that injuries involved were head (30.41％),low limbs (27.43％) and upper limbs (21.93％),with bruise (54.60％),sprain/strain (16.87％),fractures (15.48％) most commonly seen.77.76％ of the cases were minor but the proportion of moderate and serious injuries increased along with the increase of age.Conclusion Fall was the main type of injury in this country,showing an increasing trend of proportion among all the types of injuries.Though labor-related Falls accounted for the biggest proportion,prevention programs targeting the elderly and children should also be prioritized.