北京市2010-2015年法定报告传染病流行特征分析

摘要

Objective To analyze the trends and epidemiological characteristics of notifiable communicable diseases from 2010 to 2015 in Beijing so as to provide reliable reference data.Methods Data on the epidemiological characteristics was gathered and analyzed through the monitoring programs on notifiable diseases,reported by the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention,from 2010 to 2015.Results A total of 764 290 cases of notifiable communicable diseases were reported from 2010 to 2015 in Beijing.The annual reported incidence on notifiable communicable diseases showed an annual downward (x2=1.25 × 104,P＜0.01),with rates between 498.95/100 000 and 828.45/100 000.The annual reported incidence rates of intestinal infectious diseases and respiratory infectious diseases also showed an annual downward (x2=1.25 × 104,P＜0.01;x2=4.97 × 102,P＜0.01),which accounted for 39.72％ and 33.01％ among the total classes A and B reported cases,respectively.The average annual reported incidence rates in males were higher than that in females.The average annual incidence of children under 7 years old appeared higher than that of the other age groups that accounted for 47.79％ of the total reported cases.High incidence mainly appeared in children that living scattering around which accounted for 31.64％ of the total reported cases.The first three leading incidence rates seen in other infectious diseases were infectious diarrhea,hand-foot-and-mouth disease and dysentery for the last consecutive 6 years.The laboratory diagnosed rate on notifiable disease was 16.67％,but with a trend of annual increase.Conclusion Intestinal infective diseases kept the highest incidence among all the notifiable communicable diseases,suggesting the necessity of improving the prevention and control programs on notifiable communicable diseases in preschool,especially in those children with their houses scattered around.Programs on laboratory diagnosis also need to be strengthened.%目的 分析北京市2010-2015年法定报告传染病发病趋势和流行特征,为完善法定报告传染病防控策略提供数据参考.方法 收集2010-2015年中国疾病预防控制信息系统中北京市报告的甲乙丙类法定报告传染病监测数据,进行流行病学分析.结果 2010-2015年,北京市共报告法定报告传染病病例764 290例,年报告发病率在498.95/10万～828.45/10万之间,呈逐年下降趋势(x2=1.25×104,P＜0.01).肠道传染病和呼吸道传染病年报告发病率均呈逐年下降趋势(x2=1.25×104,P＜0.01;x2=4.97×102,P＜0.01);分别占甲乙类报告总例数的39.72％和33.01％.男性报告发病率高于女性,7岁以下学龄前儿童年均发病率高于其他年龄组人群,占报告总例数的47.79％,高发职业主要是散居儿童,占全部报告病例的31.64％.发病顺位居前三位的病种连续6年均为其他感染性腹泻病、手足口病和痢疾.法定报告传染病实验室诊断率为16.67％,呈逐年升高趋势.结论 肠道传染病是目前北京市较为严重的法定报告传染病,应加强学龄前儿童尤其是散居儿童的传染病预防控制,进一步提高实验室诊断率以有效控制传染病的流行.