中国初中学生烟草使用及其影响因素研究

摘要

目的 了解中国初中学生烟草使用的情况,探讨烟草使用行为的主要影响因素.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在31个省(自治区、直辖市)初中在校学生中选取调查样本.采用学生自填问卷的方式收集数据,调查烟草使用、二手烟暴露、烟草制品获得与价格、控烟宣传、烟草广告和促销、对烟草的认知和态度等内容.对数据加权后,采用SAS 9.3软件复杂调查数据分析程序进行数据分析.结果 共调查155 117名初中学生,烟草使用率为6.9％,男生(11.2％)高于女生(2.2％),农村(7.8％)高于城市(4.8％),西部地区(10.3％)高于中部地区(6.4％)且两者均高于东部地区(4.5％),差异均有统计学意义.看到控烟媒体宣传、在课堂上学习过烟草导致具体健康危害知识是烟草使用的保护因素;父母吸烟(尤其是母亲吸烟)、教师吸烟、好朋友吸烟、每周零花钱＞20元、看到烟草广告或促销、二手烟暴露、对烟草成瘾的错误认知以及对吸烟行为的正向态度是烟草使用的危险因素.结论 中国初中男生吸烟率高于全球平均水平,值得关注.采取宣传教育、提高烟草价格、全面禁止烟草广告和促销、公共场所禁止吸烟等一系列综合干预措施,对降低青少年吸烟率有意义.%Objective To understand tobacco use rate and explore the factors associated with tobacco use in middle school students in China.Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 155 117 eligible middle students selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from 31 provinces of China.The questionnaire consists of the following topics:tobacco use and cessation,passive smoking,access to tobacco products,tobacco control and tobacco advertisement,and knowledge about and attitudes to tobacco.Software SAS 9.3 was used for sample weighting and data analysis.Results Current tobacco use rate was 6.9％ in middle school students in China.The rate was higher in boys (11.2％) than in girls (2.2％),and in rural area (7.8％) than in urban area (4.8％).Students in western area had the highest tobacco use rate (10.3％),followed by the students in middle area (6.4％),and the rate in students in eastern area was lowest (4.5％).Parent smoking (especially mother smoking),friend smoking,teacher smoking,pocket money for a week ＞ 20 yuan,tobacco advertisement or promotion,passive smoking,misconception of tobacco addiction,active attitude to smoking behavior were the risk factors for tobacco use.Conclusions Smoking rate in boys in China was higher than the average global level.A comprehensive intervention strategy by Framework Convention on Tobacco Control should be used to reduce tobacco use in adolescents,including health education,increasing cigarette price,banning tobacco advertisement and promotion,and smoke-free legislation.