Over the past two decades a substantial body of literature has emerged in north America, Europe and throughout much of the developing world exploring the existing and potential linkages between security and the environment. While it explores some ideas that have roots in classical thought, this literature is largely a response to two almost simultaneous events:the end of the Cold War (1989-92), which compelled a rethinking of the concept of security, and the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, which mobilized scientific evidence of global environmental change into a global policy agenda widely regarded as urgent and vital. n The ensuing flood of academic enquiry has examined large-scale environmental processes such as climate change and deforestation. It has explored the socio-political effects of changes in natural resource assets at various scales of analysis. It has examined the activities of the military from an environmental perspective and sought to understand the role the environment plays in conflict and in conflict resolution. It has explored the interaction of environmental change with demographic and health factors from a security perspective. It has considered the environment in terms of different levels of security analysis including global, regional, national, subnational and human. It has studied vulnerability to environmental change from the equity and poverty. And it has sought to understand the impacts of strategies for conservation and adaptation to environmental stress in different security contexts.%在过去的二十多年里，在北美洲，欧洲和整个世界涌现出了大量探索现有的安全条件和环境之间存在潜在联系的文献。与此同时还探讨了一些想法，这些研究探索包含了一些经典思想的印记，并且是对两个几乎同时发生的重大事件的反应：一个是“冷战”的结束，迫使人们重新思考安全的概念。另一个是把全球变暖的科学证据提到了全球性的政策制定议程上的急迫性得到了广泛的认同和关注。大量的学术文献已经验证了大尺度的环境变化过程，如：气候变化和森林砍伐之间的关系。这些文献在各种尺度上探讨了自然资源的变化对于社会政治的影响。这些文献还从环境前景的角度分析了其对军事活动的影响，以便于了解环境因素对于国家冲突和化解国家冲突的影响。这些研究还从国家安全的角度探索了环境变化对于人类健康的影响。这些研究从不同的层面来考量安全问题，这些等级包括：全球，地区，国家，国家内行政区划以及全人类。这些研究还包括脆弱的人类安全体系在环境变化中可能发生的贫穷和不公正。这些研究还包括在不同的安全背景下的战略对于保护环境以及适应环境压力的影响。
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