基于“一证式”排污许可的点源环境管理制度整合研究

摘要

排污许可证制度作为污染源管理的一项基本制度，经过多年的探索实践，逐渐向一证管理的方向发展。以排污许可证制度为核心，统筹整合各项点源环境管理制度，可以实现对点源全周期的高效管理，对提升点源环境管理综合效能十分有效，也是当前排污许可证制度改革的重要内容。本文在对现有各项点源环境管理制度的执行局限进行详细分析的基础上，提出各项点源环境管理制度与基于“一证式”管理的排污许可证制度的衔接和整合方式，将排污许可证制度贯穿整个项目筹建期、建设及试运营期、正式运营期和停产修复期，把现有各项点源环境管理制度中对排污单位影响环境的开发、建设、经营等活动的管理要求通过排污许可证集中体现，强化排污单位持证排污、按证排污的法律要求，有效解决现有的其他点源环境管理制度仅作用于排污单位生存周期某一阶段的应用局限，全面改变现有点源环境管理制度各自为营的分散模式，重新构建了符合新时期环境保护工作需求的高效化、精细化点源环境管理制度体系。%After years of exploration and practice, as a fundamental system of pollution source management, the discharge permit system has gradually evolved towards“one­permitting” management system. The integration of various source management systems, in which the discharge permit system acted as the core, is able to accomplish the lifecycle management of pollution source, and is also very effective in management performance enhancement. It is an important part of the current permit system reform as well. By analyzing the limitations of existing source management systems, this paper proposed the integration method for various source management systems and discharge permit system, which is based on one­permitting management. In this method, the discharge permit system can function throughout the pre­construction period, construction and commissioning period, formal operation period, and closing period, and theenvironmental requirements on each polluter’s development, construction, operation, and other activities in existing point sources management systems are embodied in one discharge permit as a whole. By using this method, the awareness of discharge under permit can be strengthened, and the application limitation of effecting on one certain period of existing management systems can be resolved. The independently operating pattern of existing management systems is completely changed, and a high-efficiency source management system complex, which meets the need of environmental protection in the new erais rebuilt.