复杂山地煤矿采区三维地震勘探采集方法研究

摘要

复杂山地煤矿采区三维地震勘探采集工作不同于平原、丘陵等地表条件较好的地区,在测量、成孔、放炮生产及质量监控等各个环节,都必须采用有针对性的手段和方法,以保证能够获得高质量的原始地震记录.在本文中,针对山西宁武煤田某煤矿较为复杂的表、浅层地震地质条件,采用机械钻、风镐、洛阳铲及翻斗挖掘机等多种成孔方法,并在4种典型地表出露岩性区(黄土覆盖区、坡积物区、基岩出露区、河滩卵石区)进行了激发参数试验,确定了最佳激发参数,确保在各种出露岩性区都能获得较高信噪比的地震记录;针对山地地震勘探成本高、生产效率低的特点,采用异步施工的方式保证勘探施工衔接和提高施工效率;建立现场计算机处理工作站,及时对各种试验资料、生产资料进行处理分析,以指导野外生产.实践证明了采集方法是正确和高效的.%The coal mining area in the complex mountainous is different from the plain area and the hills area in the acquisition work of 3D seismic exploration,especially in the practice of surveying,drilling,shooting productivity and quality monitoring,all of which must take special measures to acquire the high qualitative and primitive seismic records.In this paper,according to the relative complex geological and geophysical condition of surface and subsurface in Shanxi Ningwu coal mine,it adopts multiple pore-forming method of mechanical drill machine,pneumatic pick,Luoyang shovel and the tipping bucket excavator and the shooting parameters experiment is conducted on the four typical surface outcrop rock area(loess covered area,slope flood area,rocky outcrop area,and river flood pebble area).Finally,it determines the optimum excitation parameters and ensures to acquire the high S/N(signal to noise) seismic records in the various rocky outcrop area.Aiming at the characteristics of high seismic exploration cost and low production efficiency,the asynchronous construction method is used to guarantee the connection of exploration construction and the improvement of construction efficiency.Meanwhile,the field computer workstation is built to process timely various experimental and productive seismic data.The practice proves that this acquisition method is correct and efficient.