2010年全国饮水型地方性砷中毒监测报告

摘要

Objective To master the implementing progress of preventive measures for control of endemic arsenicosis,to observe the dynamic changes and provide the basis for prevention of national drinking-water-born endemic arsenicosis.Methods The surveillance was strictly carried out according to “The Monitoring Project for the National Drinking-Water-Born Endemic Arsenicosis(trial implementation)” in 2010.According to the results of previous investigation,11 provinces and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps were selected as the surveillance provinces; eighty six endemic arsenicosis villages which had exposed population over 100 persons were chosen as surveillance villages in each province; forty eight potential endemic arsenicosis villages were recognized as the monitoring villages which had over 100 exposed people too.We investigated the surveillance counties and villages about the running state of water-improving projects,the arsenic content in water from resident house in potential endemic arsenicosis villages and the survey on endemic arsenicosis status based on the residents who lived in the surveillance villages.Results ①Total of 219 water-improving projects in 32 counties were monitored and 1673 villages were covered,benefiting 69.07 million population.②Total of 134 villages with high level of water arsenic were investigated.Water quality improved villages was 86,accounting for 64.18％.Normal working projects accounted for 91.86％ (79/86),intermittentl y working accounted for 4.65％ (4/86) and abandoned projects accounted for 3.49％(3/86).Passing rate of water arsenic of the projects was 91.86％(79/86).Total of 48 villages without water-improving project were investigated,and families with excessive level of water arsenic was 35.04％ (356/1016).③Total of 20 885 persons were examined in villages with improved water,incidence of endemic arsenicosis was 4.44％ (928/20 885).Among them,patients with mild arsenicosis was 3.27％ (682/20 885),with moderate was 0.80％(167/20 885) and serious patients was 0.37％(78/20 885),and detection of skin cancer 1 person.Totally 6166 persons were checked in the villages without water-improvement,incidence of endemic arsenicosis was 3.08％ (189/6166).Among them,mild patients was 2.69％ (166/6166),moderate was 0.28％ (17/6166) and the serious was 0.10％ (6/6166); 20 new cases were diagnosed,and they came from Shanxi province.Conclusions The morbidity in water-improved villages remains higher than the water-unimproved.We should establish and perfect the long-term mechanism of surveillance as soon as possible,and strengthen the management and maintenance of water-improving projects.%目的 掌握饮水型地方性砷中毒(地砷病)病区降砷改水工程运行状况及地砷病病情,为饮水型地砷病的防治工作提供依据.方法 2010年,按照《饮水型地方性砷中毒监测方案(试行)的通知》的要求,根据以往地砷病的调查结果,选取11个省(自治区)及新疆生产建设兵团进行地砷病监测.在每个监测省,既往高砷暴露人数超过100人的病区村中抽取86个村作为监测村,既往高砷暴露人数超过100人的潜在病区村中抽取48个村作为监测村.调查监测村所在县的改水工程运行情况,调查监测村改水工程运行情况、居民家中饮用水含砷量,同时对常住人口进行地砷病病情调查.结果 ①在32个县共监测降砷改水工程219个,覆盖自然村1673个,受益人口69.07万人.②共调查了134个村,已改水村数86个,占64.18％,改水工程正常运转率为91.86％ (79/86),间歇运转率为4.65％ (4/86),报废率为3.49％ (3/86)；改水工程水砷合格率为91.86％(79/86).未改水村48个,水砷超标户数占总检测户数的35.04％(356/1016).③在已改水村共检查20 885人,砷中毒检出率为4.44％(928/20 885).其中,轻度患者检出率为3.27％(682/20885),中度患者检出率为0.80％(167/20 885),重度患者检出率为0.37％(78/20885);共检出皮肤癌患者1例.在未改水村共检查6166人,砷中毒患者检出率为3.08％(189/6166).其中轻度患者检出率为2.69％(166/6166),中度患者检出率为0.28％(17/6166),重度患者检出率为0.10％(6/6166);新发病例20例,分布在山西省.结论 已改水村砷中毒患病率仍然高于未改水村；应尽快建立健全长效监测机制,加强改水工程的管理和维护.