2012年我国克山病病区居民高血压患病调查

摘要

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension in Keshan disease endemic areas in China,in order to provide evidence for making the policy in hypertension prevention and control for the most disadvantaged people in China.Methods Using non probability sampling method,50 counties with the highest prevalence rate of Keshan disease were selected in the 13 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) investigated in the 2012 national monitoring of Keshan disease,and in each county 2 villages were selected as the survey sites.Survey respondents aged over 18 years old were selected as the survey subjects.The prevalence of hypertension in residents was investigated through questionnaire investigation and clinical physical examination.The diagnostic criterion for hypertension was based on the 2010 "Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension".Results A total of 45 165 adults aged 18 years and older were surveyed and 12 329 patients with hypertension in total were found,and the prevalence rate of hypertension was 27.3％.Among which the prevalence of men and women was 27.4％ (5 163/18 868) and 27.3％ (7 166/26 297),respectively.The prevalence rates of hypertension increased with age (x2 =4 132.3,P ＜ 0.05).Among different categories of hypertension,the proportion of grade one hypertension was the largest [33.4％ (4 116/12 329)],and differences between different proportions were significant (x2 =1 586.0,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in Keshan disease endemic areas is significantly higher than the national average level.The prevention and control of hypertension in vulnerable groups in the rural areas and Keshan disease areas should be emphasized.%目的 调查我国克山病病区居民高血压的患病情况,为弱势人群的高血压防控提供参考依据.方法 2012年,采用非概率抽样法在全国克山病监测的13个病区省(市、自治区)中,选择克山病患病率最高的50个县,每个县选取2个自然村作为调查点.选择调查点18岁以上常住居民作为调查对象,通过问卷调查和临床体格检查了解居民高血压患病情况,高血压诊断与分级依据《中国高血压防治指南》(2010年修订版).结果 共调查了18岁及以上成年人45 165人,高血压患病人数为12 329人,总患病率为27.3％,其中男性和女性患病率分别为27.4％(5 163/18 868)和27.3％(7 166/26 297).随着年龄的增长,高血压患病率逐渐上升(x2=4 132.3,P＜0.05).一级高血压在四类高血压分级中所占比例最大[33.4％(4 116/12 329)],各级高血压构成比间比较差异有统计学意义(x2=1 586.0,P＜0.05).结论 2012年全国克山病病区高血压患病率明显高于全国平均水平,克山病病区乃至广大农村地区弱势人群的高血压防控应得到重视.