宫内发育环境与成年期糖代谢关系的表观遗传学机制

摘要

糖尿病的发生是遗传和环境因素共同作用的结果.近年来,人们开始关注生命早期发育状况对成年期疾病的影响.越来越多证据显示,宫内不良发育环境(IUGR)导致成年期糖代谢异常可能是通过表观遗传机制发挥作用的,如通过基因的甲基化修饰、组蛋白密码影响基因的表达,此遗传倾向最终导致后代临床表型变化.不良宫内发育环境(IUGR)模型鼠研究显示,在胰岛、肝脏和骨骼肌组织中与糖代谢相关的基因均发生了表观遗传修饰改变,导致相应组织基因表达异常,增加了糖代谢异常发生风险.%Genetic and environmental factors play a great role on the development of diabetes. Recently, there is an increasing concern about impact of early life conditions on adult diseases. More and more evidences suggest that intrauterine growth environment may lead to abnormal glucose metabolism by epigenetic mechanisms, such as gene methylation and histone code. However, the genetic predisposition may lead to changes in offspring phenotype eventually. The studies about intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) rat model reveal that, there are epigenetic changes in glucose metabolism-related genes in islet, hepatic and skeletal muscle tissues, which may result in abnormal gene expression of the corresponding organs, and increase incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism.