基于密度控制的传感器网络能量空洞避免策略

摘要

A method for avoidance of energy hole problem based on density control mechanism DCDD (Density Control-based Data Delivery algorithm)is proposed for the energy hole problem caused by uneven energy consumption between nodes in wireless sensor networks.According to the energy consumption ratio in each ring which is obtained by the calculation and analysis of the energy consumption of sensor nodes in each ring of layered clustering network,this paper deploys different initial energy in different rings.Furthermore,to make the nodes’energy tend to be exhausted at the same time,this paper puts forwards a node density control mechanism to change nodes’working/hibernating state.At the same time,to balance the energy consumption of the cluster heads in the same ring,the idea of flow-balanced routing has been introduced.When the data from one cluster head need to be transmitted,the data is no longer sent to one cluster head, but to more than one cluster head.The experimental results show that compared with the existing algorithms of data transmission,the DCDD algorithm can effectively prolong the network lifetime,satisfyingly balance nodes’energy consumption and avoid energy hole problem.%针对无线传感器网络中节点能耗不均造成的能量空洞现象，提出了一种基于密度控制机制的能量空洞避免策略 DCDD（Density Control-based Data Delivery algorithm）。在对分层成簇网络的各层能耗进行计算和分析的基础上，根据网络各层的能耗比例在各层网络中配置不同的初始能量，即不同数量的节点。进一步，利用密度控制机制改变节点的工作／休眠状态，使各层网络中的节点能量趋于同时耗尽。同时，为平衡簇头间的负载，引入路由负载平衡分流的思想，让一个簇的数据发送到下一跳的簇头时，不再只发送给一个簇头，而是将数据分流到多个簇头。仿真实验表明，与现有的几种数据传输算法相比，DCDD 算法能有效延长网络寿命，平衡网络各层节点的能耗并避免能量空洞现象的出现。