三维显式有限元程序及炸药冲击起爆应用

摘要

冲击和爆炸数值模拟在军事工程和民用领域都应用广泛.基于显式有限元理论,本文介绍了自主研发的三维冲击和起爆流体动力学程序.该程序的功能包含了材料本构、状态方程、炸药反应速率方程和接触碰撞算法,能够模拟复杂条件下结构冲击和炸药起爆问题.由于采用面向对象的编程方法,程序结构相对简单并且容易修改.首先,进行了Taylor杆碰撞数值模拟,并将计算结果与实验结果以及DYNA2D结果进行了比较;接着,基于Lee-Tarver点火增长模型,模拟了冲击加载下裸炸药和带壳炸药的冲击起爆问题.计算结果表明,三维程序计算结果与实验值和商业软件结果都非常吻合,该程序能够较准确地模拟三维结构的冲击和炸药起爆问题.同时,基于面向对象开发的三维计算程序实现了模块化功能,易于后续开发,为冲击和爆炸计算程序的开发提供了参考.%Shock and explosion calculations are widely used in military and civil engineering.Based on explicit finite element theory,a three-dimensional hydrocode used for structure's shock and explosive's initiation is developed in this paper.The material model,state equation,explosive reaction rate function and contact-impact algorithm are all included in this code.Using object oriented programming methods,the code is easy to be modified,and has a simple program structure.Firstly the Taylor bar test is simulated and the results are compared with experiment data and DYNA2D calculation.It is found that numerical simulation results are in good agreement with experimental results.Then the shock initiation of bare explosive and confined explosive are simulated with this code.To validate the code,the simulated results are compared with AUTODYN results.The predicted shock initiation and detonation behaviour is almost the same as that from the commercial software program.The code can be used to analyse the initiation of explosive,which is also easy to be developed in the future.