实验树鼩主要内分泌器官的组织学观察

摘要

目的：了解树鼩主要内分泌器官的组织学结构特征，建立树鼩正常的内分泌器官组织学图谱。方法选取人工饲养的健康树鼩10只，麻醉后放血处死和病理解剖，对甲状腺、甲状旁腺、肾上腺及脑垂体进行病理大体检查和取材，常规病理制片，采用常规组织HE 染色技术，显微镜下观察组织学结构。结果（1）甲状腺呈淡黄色，位于气管两侧，在第2～4气管软骨环之间，呈板状，表面包有薄层被膜，被膜伸人甲状腺实质内分成若干小叶。小叶内有滤泡和滤泡旁细胞，滤泡腔内可见红染胶质。（2）甲状旁腺每侧一个，位于甲状腺颅侧或中部外表面，稍被甲状腺覆盖，呈圆形或卵圆形，其实质由主细胞和嗜酸性细胞组成，并可见腺泡样结构。（3）脑垂体位于蝶鞍内，没有垂体隐窝，垂体有腺垂体和神经垂体两部组成，表面包有结缔组织被膜。腺垂体分为远侧部、中间部和结节部，神经垂体由神经部和漏洞部组成。（4）肾上腺呈卵圆形，赭黄色，位于肾门颅侧，与肾相连。肾上腺外包被膜，实质明显区分为皮质和髓质两部分。皮质从外到内可分为球状带、束状带和网状带。球状带最厚，束状带最薄，网状带介于中间。髓质部细胞形成团块或网状，髓质中央有静脉。结论基本建立了树鼩内分泌器官组织学图谱，其在组织形态学上接近于灵长类动物，可以为研究树鼩内分泌器官的功能和病变，以及建立人类相关疾病的动物模型提供组织学依据。%Objective To understand the histological characteristics of the major endocrine organs of tree shrew , and provide a normal histological atlas of endocrine organs of tree shrew .Methods Ten artificially fed healthy tree shrews were killed and dissected after anesthesia .The thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pituitary glands were observed by gross inspection and samples were taken for routine histological examination with HE staining .Results ( 1 ) The thyroid gland was pale yellow, located on both sides of the 2-4 tracheal rings.The thyroid gland was plate-shaped, its surface was covered with a thin fibrous capsule . The thyroid parenchyma was divided into several lobules by stretched capsule membrane .Follicular and parafollicular cells were distributed in the lobules , and red colloid was present in follicular cavity.(2) Each side had one parathyroid , located on the cranial or the outer surface of the middle part of the thyroid gland, and was slightly covered by thyroid .The gland was round or oval , and its parenchyma was made up of the principal cells and eosinophil cells , and acinar structure appeared in the parenchyma .( 3 ) The adrenal glands were oval , yellow color, located in the renal hili , and linked to the kidneys .They were surrounded by a thin capsule .The parenchyma was divided into cortex and medulla .The cortex was divided into zona glomerulosa , zona fasciculata and zona reticularis from outside to inside.The zona glomerulosa was the thickest layer and the zona fasciculata was the thinnest .The medulla cells formed clumps or mesh, with central vein in the central part .(4) The pituitary gland was located in the sella turcica , with no recessus hypophysis .The pituitary gland was composed of the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis .Its surface was covered with a connective tissue capsule .The pituitary gland was divided into distal part , middle part and pars tuberalis . neurohypophysis was made up of neural and pars infundibularis .Conclusions The histological atlas of endocrine organs in the tree shrew is established , which is close to that of the primate animals in the morphology , and provide histological evidence for the study of tree shrew endocrine organs and disorders , as well as the animal model of human diseases .