大鼠尾部血管的解剖结构与鼠尾的生理功能探讨

摘要

目的 通过对实验大鼠尾部血管的解剖研究,进一步明确其动静脉走行和分布,以加深对其生理功能的理解,为动物实验技术的规范化和实验动物模型设计提供解剖学基础.方法 选用成年SD大鼠,采用红蓝两色颜料对尾部血管进行灌注后解剖、腹主动脉生理压力甲醛灌注固定后尾部组织切片、动脉显微血管造影,三种方法配合互相印证.结果 证实了大鼠尾部浅层3套纵向动静 脉系统,明确了背侧的动静脉链状结构,填补了深层血管分布的空白.提出了动静脉血管分布不匹配特点及其生理基础,明确了尾部血管的双层笼状沟通结构.结论本研究准确地显露了大鼠尾部丰富的 血管结构,揭示了鼠尾深层血管系统的存在,并提出双层框架血管结构的理念,为探讨其生理功能的相关研究,避免重大损伤、后肢缺血代偿反应等打下良好的基础.%Objective To further definite the distribution of caudal arteries and veins of rat by anatomical dissection and to deepen the understanding of their physiological functions, and provide a basis for standardization of animal experimental techniques and design of animal models. Methods Eighteen SPF adult SD rats were used in this study. Several techniques were used in combination to study the anatomy and histology of the rat tail blood vessels:paraformaldehyde perfusion through the abdominal aorta was performed for rapid and thorough fixation, blue and red paints were injected to visualize the tail veins and arteries, respectively, arterial microangiography was performed to illustrate the distribution of tail arteries, and the microscopic structure of arteries and veins was verified by histological examination. Results Three longitudinal superficial arterial and venous systems of rat tail were confirmed and a dorsal arterial and venous chain structure was defined, which deeped our knowledge about the distribution of the deep blood vessels. In addition, the caliber of arteries was not corresponding with that of veins, providing a basis of their physiological functions. A bilayer cage connecting structure of the rat tail vasculature was for the first time defined. Conclusions The rich vascular structure of rat tail is described in details in this study. The existence of basal vascular system of rat tail is clarified. A concept of bilayer framework of the rat tail vasculature is proposed, which lays a good foundation for related researches of their physiological functions, and provides a good basis for avoiding major injuries and compensatory responses of hindlimb ischemia during animal experiments.