Objective:To investigate the correlation between preoperative serum HBeAg level and tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) .Methods :Clinical data of 391 cases with hepatitis B background of HCC underwent RFA from June 2006 to June 2012 in Zhongshan Hospital ,Fudan University were analyzed retrospectively .According to preoperative levels of HBeAg ,patients were divided into HBeAg positive group (n=112) and HBeAg negative group (n=279) ,with regular followed‐up after operation .The correlationship between HBeAg before RFA and tumor recurrence after RFA was analyzed .Results:The median recurrence‐free survival time (RFS) was (23 .00 ± 1 .99) months in HBeAg positive group ,and the median RFS was (31 .00 ± 3 .49) months in HBeAg negative group (P=0 .002) .Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that preoperative AFP level (HR 139 .3 ,95% CI 1 .052‐1 .845 ,P=0 .021) ,serum HBV‐DNA level (HR 1 .402 ,95% CI 1 .013‐1 .939 ,P=0 .041) ,and HBeAg levels (HR 1 .389 , 95% CI 1 .017‐1 .896 , P=0 .039) were the independent risk factors for survival in hepatitis B background HCC patients after RFA .Conclusions :Preoperative serum HBeAg level in patients with primary HCC is closely related to postoperative tumor recurrence .It is an independent risk factor for recurrence of HCC after RFA .%目的：探讨具有乙肝背景的肝细胞肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma ，HCC）患者射频消融术（radiofrequency ablation ， RFA ）术前血清乙型肝炎e抗原（HBeAg ）水平与术后肿瘤复发的相关性。方法：回顾性分析2006年6月至2012年6月复旦大学附属中山医院收治的具有乙肝背景的小 HCC行RFA治疗的391例患者的临床资料。根据术前 HBeAg水平，将患者分为HBeAg阳性组（n＝112）和HBeAg阴性组（n＝279）。术后定期规律随访，分析RFA术前 HBeAg水平和RFA术后肿瘤复发的相关性。结果：HBeAg阳性组术后中位无复发生存期（recurrence‐free survival time ，RFS）为（23．00±1．99）个月，HBeAg阴性组术后中位RFS为（31．00±3．49）个月，差异有统计学意义（P＝0．002）。多因素Cox风险回归分析显示，术前甲胎蛋白（alpha fetal protein ，AFP）水平（HR 1．393，95％ CI 1．052～1．845， P＝0．021）、血清HBV‐DNA水平分级（HR 1．402，95％ CI 1．013～1．939，P＝0．041）和HBeAg水平（HR 1．389，95％ CI 1．017～1．896，P＝0．039）是影响乙肝背景小 HCC RFA术后无瘤生存时间的独立危险因素。结论：原发性 HCC RFA 术前血清 HBeAg水平与术后肿瘤复发密切相关，是原发性 HCC RFA术后复发的独立危险因素。
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