Anterior cervical spine surgery ( ACSS ) is commonly used in the treatment of numerous cervical disorders, such as traumatic, degenerative, inflammatory or neoplastic diseases. Dysphagia is one of the most common complications after ACSS with reported incidence 1.7% - 79.0%. Some patients got persistent dysphagia or severe dysphagia in the early postoperative stage. It has been reported that the risk factors of dysphagia after ACSS included patients' factors ( age, gender, BMI, duration of preexisting pain, preoperative comorbidities, smoking, psychological problem ), operation-related factors ( operating time, blood loss, overenlargement of C2-7 angle ), surgical type ( multilevel surgery, revision surgery, surgical level at C4-5 or C5-6, fusion surgery ), applications during surgery [ use of bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP ), traditional cervical retractor, endotracheal tube cuff pressure ( ETCP ) over 20 mm Hg, and thick plate ], prevertebral soft tissue swelling etc.
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