人体黏膜活组织模型在HIV-1性传播途径感染中的应用

摘要

性传播途径已经成为全球人免疫缺陷病毒1型(Human immunodeficiency virus type 1,HIV-1)传播的主要方式.对HIV-1黏膜感染机制的深入理解,将有助于研发新型有效的生物技术阻断其感染和传播.目前,HIV-1黏膜感染机制的研究主要依赖于体外细胞培养和灵长类动物模型.近年来,一种新型黏膜活组织模型(包括人体生殖道或肠道黏膜等组织)的建立,可再现HIV-1突破黏膜屏障进入基底侧的生物学过程,适用于HIV-1黏膜感染机制与黏膜局部感染阻断生物技术的临床前有效性评价研究.以下主要阐述了该模型的组织类型、技术特点以及在HIV-1性途径感染机制与阻断技术研究中的进展,并结合本实验室工作对其新的应用进行了展望.%Sexual transmission has become the major route of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) globally.Understanding the mechanism of HIV-1 mucosal infection will be helpful for development of new effective strategies to block HIV-1 mucosal transmission.Currently, study of the mechanism of HIV-1 mucosal infection majorly depends on in vitro cell culture systems and non-human primate animal models.Recently, a novel tissue explant model (including human vaginal-genital and colorectal tissue) was established, which could elucidate the biological process of HIV-1 mucosal infection from crossing over the membrane to reaching the basal.Therefore, the model can be applied to the study of mechanism, as well as the safety and efficacy evaluation in pre-clinical study of biomedical prevention strategies.In this review, we summarized the recent progress about human mucosal explants model including the sources of tissues, technical characteristics and their application to study the mechanism of HIV-1 sexual transmission and evaluation of prevention strategies.Based on our recent study results, we also provided our opinions about development of novel explant models and their application.