环境温度变化对异色瓢虫的飞行与运动能力的影响

摘要

Intensive research of the influences of environmental temperature variation on flight and locomotory searching abilities of Harmonia axyridis would be significant for its application in biological control.Three constant temperature conditions (15,25 and 35 ℃),and two temperature variations (i.e.continuously linear temperature variation from 15 ℃ to 35 ℃ and continuously jumping alternation temperature variation among 15 ℃-25 ℃-35 ℃) were set up as different treatments.We utilized flight mill and insect behavior recording device to evaluate the behavior responses of H.axyridis in flight and searching to the treatments.The flight frequency (14.2 ± 1.9),total flight distance (1089.6 ± 112.3) m,accumulative flight duration (98.3 ± 11.6) min and average flight speed (11.2 ± 1.1) rn/min of H.axyridis at 15 ℃ were significantly higher than those at other constant temperatures,respectively.While the walking frequency (26.1±2.1),total walking distance (719.6±73.2) cm,average walking speed (2.6± 0.7) cm/s and direction change frequency (101.3 ± 11.2) ofH.axyridis at 35 ℃ were all higher than those at other temperatures.H.axyridis showed significantly higher flight and searching ability under the treatment of continuously jumping alternation temperature variation,than the treatments of continuously linear temperature variation and constant temperature (25 ℃).Our results demonstrate that H.axyridis tend to flight more at lower temperature and show superb walking/searching ability at higher temperature.Furthermore,high disturbing temperatures may stimulate H.axyridis to higher flight/walking abilities.%研究环境温度变化对异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)飞行与爬行搜索能力的影响,对合理利用异色瓢虫进行生防控害有重要意义.本研究设置15、25和35℃恒温处理,以及15～35℃连续线性变温和15℃-25℃-35℃跳跃变温处理,利用飞行磨和昆虫行为记录仪测定异色瓢虫成虫对上述温度处理的行为响应.结果表明,异色瓢虫在15℃平均飞行(14.2±1.9)次、累计飞行(1089.6±112.3)m、(98.3±11.6)min,平均飞行速度为(11.2±1.1)m/min,显著高于其他温度;而在35℃平均爬行(26.1±2.1)次,共爬行(719.6±73.2) cm、平均爬行速度为(2.6±0.7) cm/s,且方向改变(101.3±11.2)次,均显著大于其他处理.异色瓢虫在连续跳跃变温条件下的飞行能力与运动搜索能力均显著大于连续线性变温及恒定常温(25℃)对照.本研究表明异色瓢虫在较低温度下的飞行能力较强,而在较高温度下的爬行搜索能力较强.此外,扰动型环境波动可以显著提升异色瓢虫飞行和爬行能力.