口服大剂量阿片类药物的不良反应及综合性护理干预效果观察

摘要

Objective To study the adverse reactions of oral high dose opioid and observe the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention. Methods 132 cases from February 2012 to October 2016, required large dose of analgesic drugs were included in this study, who were given high-dose oral opioid. Clinical data were analyzed, such as adverse reactions and pain, comprehensive nursing intervention, health education and nursing care of pain. To pay attention to the adverse reactions, give dietary intervention. support and encourage the patients, eliminate anxiety and depression and other negative emotions. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were observed. Results 15 cases(11.36%) had nausea and vomiting. Constipation occurred in 63 cases (47.73%). Drowsiness occurred in 1 patients, with a prevalence of 0.76%. Nausea occurred in 23 patients, with a prevalence of 17.42%. The maximum dosage of the drug ranged from 160mg to 400mg, with an average value of (310.46 ± 20.90) mg. The maximum dose for pain score was (6.78 ± 1.60) points, and the pain score was (2.50 ± 0.80) points after high dose (P<0.05). Conclusion There are many kinds of adverse reactions of oral high dose opioid, and the effect of nursing intervention is better.%目的 研究口服大剂量阿片类药物的不良反应及综合性护理干预效果.方法 选取浙江省肿瘤医院2012年2月~2016年10月收治的132例需要大剂量止痛药物患者,均予以口服大剂量阿片类药物,研究分析临床资料,包括患者不良反应及疼痛情况,进行综合性护理干预,做好健康教育和疼痛护理,注意患者用药反应,进行饮食干预,给予患者支持鼓励,消除焦虑和抑郁等负面情绪,观察临床疗效和不良反应情况.结果 15例(11.36%)患者出现恶心呕吐;63例(47.73%)患者出现便秘;1例(0.76%)患者出现嗜睡.23例(17.42%)患者出现恶心.药物最大剂量值为160~400 mg,平均值为(310.46±20.90)mg.最大剂量为疼痛评分为(6.78±1.60)分,大剂量后疼痛评分为(2.50±0.80)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 口服大剂量阿片类药物不良反应种类较多,护理干预效果较好.