心理保护动机在预防流动人口感染艾滋病性病高危行为中的作用

摘要

目的 考察外地来京流动人口感染艾滋病、性病的高危行为及其特征,探讨对高危行为有阻止作用的内在和外在因素,验证作为内部认知因素的心理保护动机对高危行为的预测作用.方法 采用分类取样的方法随机从北京市建筑业、娱乐业等选取2201名有效研究对象.收集了他们的高危行为状况、心理保护动机状况、HIV/AIDS知识数据.结果 (1)研究对象平均年龄为(22.72±3.44)岁,处于青年早期,在多个性伙伴、参与商业性性行为等方面有高危险行为,尤其是安全套的使用率低,有76.9%的人在性行为中没有使用安全套;(2)分层回归在控制了年龄、性别、婚姻状况之后发现心理保护动机对高危行为有显著的保护作用(内在奖励R2=-0.119,P<0.01;内在效能R2=-0.163,P<0.01;易感性R2=0.155,P<0.05;付出代价R2=0.093,P<0.05),验证了心理保护动机在高危行为中的预测作用.结论 北京流动人口存在高危行为,尤其是安全套使用频率低,外部因素和内部认知因素的心理保护动机对这些高危行为有显著的预测作用.%Objective To explore the high sexual risk behaviors of HIV/STD(human immunodeficiency vires/sexually transmitted disease)among rural-to-urban migrants,and the prediction of the protection motivation theory(PMT)to the HIV/STD high sexual risk behaviors.Methods 2201 participants who have stayed at Beijing more than 3 months and worked at 10 occupations were asked to report the time of their first sexual behavior,multiple sexual partners in the life and the past one month,commercial sexual behavior,sexual behavior of their sexual partners,condom using,evaluation of severity of HIV/STD in China,HIV/STD symptom and transmitted knowledge.Results Data analysis showed that 904 rural-to-urban migrants had sexual experience.Further data analysis suggested that:(1)The average age of the migrants was 22.72±3.44.They were in their young phase.Some migrants had more than one sexual partner,and took part in commercial sexual behavior;(2)After controlling age,gender,marriage state,the result of block regression showed that inner cognitive factor in PMT could protect the high risk behavior remarkably(internal effect R2=-0.119,P<0.01;internal efficiency R2=-0.163,P＜0.01;vulnerability R2=0.155,P＜0.05;response cost R2=0.093,P＜0.05).Conclusion PMT could be as the base theory of prevention for HIV/STD high sexual risk behavior among rural-to-urban migrants.