印记基因是仅表达亲本一方遗传信息的一类基因.通过大量的研究表明,印记基因对胎儿、胎盘的生长发育及胎儿出生后行为等方面的调控都具有显著作用.印记基因具有决定胎盘运输能力的作用,并能调节胎盘的生长、形态和转运能力.当胎盘所处环境或胎盘表型发生变化时,印记基因能够通过改变胎盘一定的表观遗传状态来适应当时的营养环境.印记基因类似营养传感器能优化胎儿获得营养.印记基因对胎盘的表观遗传具有重要调控作用.%Imprinted genes only express the genetic information from male parent or female parent. A large number of researches showed that imprinted genes have important roles in the fetus growth, fetus development, function of the placenta and postnatal behavior. Imprinted genes have been shown to determine the transport capacity of the placenta by regulating its growth, morphology and transporter capacity. When the environment of placenta or the placenta phenotype changes, the imprinted genes can adapt to the prevailing nutritional environment, by varying their placental epigenetic status. Imprinted genes may act as nutrient sensors and optimize the fetal acquisition of nutrients for growth. These genes have a major role in the epigenetic regulation of placental phenotype.
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