不同加工工艺对断奶仔猪颗粒饲粮加工质量、生长性能和养分消化率的影响研究

摘要

本试验旨在研究不同加工工艺对断奶仔猪颗粒饲粮加工质量、生长性能和养分消化率的影响. 分别采用普通制粒、添加膨化玉米低温制粒、大料膨胀低温制粒和二次制粒4种工艺加工断奶仔猪饲粮,分别命名为 STP、EXT、EXP 和 DOP. 选取 96 头平均体重为( 8. 57 ± 0.87) kg的32日龄"大×长×杜"三元杂交仔猪,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每重复4头猪.4组分别饲喂4 种加工工艺饲粮,试验期为28 d. 结果表明:1 )与 STP 组相比, EXT、EXP 和DOP组的硬度值分别显著增加了32.87%、38.34%、30.13%( P<0.05);而EXP组的颗粒耐久性指数(PDI)却显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);与STP、DOP组相比,EXT、EXP组的酥脆性显著增强(P<0.05);EXT组的淀粉糊化度达到75%,显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),DOP、EXP组淀粉糊化度分别比STP组显著提高32.70%、30.80%(P<0.05);不同加工工艺对蛋白质溶解度的影响不显著(P>0.05). 2)1~28 d仔猪生长试验中,饲喂4种颗粒饲粮对断奶仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)均没有显著差异(P>0.05),但EXP组仔猪的ADG和ADFI最高,EXP组的料重比( F/G)显著低于STP、EXT组( P<0.05). 3) EXP组干物质消化率显著高于EXT组( P<0.05);DOP组粗灰分消化率比STP、EXT组分别提高了7.6%、6.7%( P<0.05);EXP组总能消化率显著高于 STP 组(P<0.05);4 种工艺对有机物消化率没有显著性的影响(P>0.05);与STP组相比,EXP和DOP组的粗蛋白质消化率分别显著提高3.6%、4.0%( P<0.05).由此可见,大料膨胀低温制粒工艺和二次制粒工艺加工断奶仔猪饲粮显著改善了仔猪颗粒饲粮的加工质量,提高了断奶仔猪的生长性能、养分消化率.%The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of different processing technologies on pel?let diet processing quality, growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned pig. The diet was subjected to 4 heat treatments, diet 1:steam conditioning before pelleting;diet 2:low temperature pelleting after adding extruded corn; diet 3: low temperature pelleting after expansion; diet 4: secondary pelleting. The diets pro?cessed using the four kinds of technologies were named STP, EXT, EXP and DOP, respectively. Ninety?six weaned pigs were allocated into 4 groups with 6 replicates and 4 pigs in each replicate, which were fed with STP, EXT, EXP and DOP, respectively.The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed as follows:1) compared with the STP group, the hardness value in EXT, EXP and DOP groups significantly improved by 32.87%, 38.34% and 30.13% (P<0.05); the PDI in EXP group was significantly higher than that in other three groups ( P<0.05); the crispness in EXT and EXP groups was significantly higher than that in STP and DOP groups (P<0.05); the starch gelatinization degree in EXT group reached 75%, and was significantly higher than that in STP, DOP and EXP groups ( P<0.05); the starch gelatinization degree in DOP and EXP groups increased by 32.70% and 30.80% compared with that in STP group (P<0.05); different processing technologies had no significant influence on protein solubility (P>0.05). 2) At 1 to 28 days, no significant difference appeared in average daily gain ( ADG) and average daily feed intake ( ADFI) of weaned pigs ( P>0.05) , but the EXP group had the highest ADG and ADFI, the feed to gain ( F/G) in EXP group was signifi?cantly lower than that in STP and EXT group ( P<0.05) . 3) The dry matter digestibility in EXP group was sig?nificantly higher than that in EXT group ( P<0.05);the ash digestibility in DOP group improved by 7.6% and 6.7% compared with that in STP and EXT groups ( P<0.05);the gross energy digestibility in EXP group was significantly higher than that in STP group ( P<0.05); the processing technologies had no influence on organ?ism digestibility (P>0.05); the crude protein digestibility in EXP and DOP groups improved by 3.6% and 4.0% compared with that in STP group (P<0.05). In conclusion, low temperature pelleting after expansion and secondary pelleting can improve the processing quality of weaned pig pellet diet, and can improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility.