克鲁假丝酵母对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、血液指标及粪尿除臭的影响

摘要

克鲁假丝酵母（ Candida krusei，LSA）是本研究团队从鸡粪中筛选出的一株具有氨氮降解能力的酵母菌。本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的LSA对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、血液指标及粪尿除臭的影响。选用1日龄健康的爱拔益加（ AA）肉公鸡240只，随机分为4组，每组6个重复，每重复10只。对照组饲喂无抗生素添加的基础饲粮，3个试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加1．0×107、1．0×108和1．0×109 CFU／kg LSA。试验期42 d，全期自由采食和饮水。结果表明：1）各组肉鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重、平均体重及料重比均无显著差异（ P＞0．05）。2）饲粮中添加LSA对肉鸡胸腺指数和法氏囊指数没有显著影响（P＞0．05），但添加1．0×108 CFU／kg LSA显著提高了肉鸡脾脏指数（ P＜0．05）。3）饲粮中添加LSA显著降低了血清中尿酸及血浆中氨含量（ P＜0．05），但对血清中总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白等生化指标无显著影响（ P＞0．05）。4）饲粮中添加LSA对粪尿含水量、总氮含量无显著影响（P＞0．05），但添加1．0×108 CFU／kg LSA显著降低了粪尿氨氮含量（ P＜0．05）。由此可见，LSA对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官及血液指标无不良影响；饲粮中添加LSA可以提高肉鸡免疫功能，改善机体的氮代谢，减少粪尿中氨氮的含量，降低环境污染。%Candida krusei ( LSA ) is a kind of yeast with ammonia nitrogen degradation ability that our re⁃search team screened out from chicken manure. This study was to evaluate the effects of different dietary sup⁃plementation levels of LSA on growth performance, immune function, blood indices and manure deodorization of broilers. A total of 240 one⁃day⁃old healthy Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 birds per replicate. The four diets included a basal diet without antibiotic and 3 experimental diets supplemented with 1.0×107, 1.0×108 and 1.0×109 CFU/kg LSA based on the basal diet, respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 d and feed and water were accessed ad libitum. The results showed as follows:1) average daily feed intake, average daily gain, average body weight and ratio of feed to gain of broilers among all groups were not significantly different ( P>0.05) . 2) Dietary LSA supplementation had no significant influence on thymus index and bursal index of broilers (P>0.05), but 1.0×108 CFU/kg LSA sig⁃nificantly increased spleen index ( P<0.05) . 3) Dietary LSA supplementation significantly reduced the contents of serum uric acid and plasma ammonia (P<0.05), but had no significant influence on biochemical indices such as serum total protein, albumin and globulin ( P>0.05) . 4) Dietary LSA supplementation had no signifi⁃cant influence on contents of water and total nitrogen of manure (P>0.05), but 1.0×108 CFU/kg LSA signifi⁃cantly decreased the ammonia nitrogen content of manure ( P<0.05) . In conclusion, dietary LSA supplementa⁃tion has no adverse effect on growth performance, immune organs and blood indices, and can enhance the im⁃mune function of broilers, improve their nitrogen metabolism, decrease the ammonia nitrogen content in the manure, and reduce environmental pollution.