本试验旨在研究发酵豆粕对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道黏膜免疫功能及微生物菌群的影响.选取1日龄黄羽肉鸡250羽,随机分为5个组(每组设5个重复,每个重复10羽):Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮；Ⅱ组为抗生素对照组,在基础饲粮中添加15％杆菌肽锌200 mg/kg和10％硫酸粘杆菌素60 mg/kg;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V组为试验组,在基础饲粮中分别用3％、6％、9％的发酵豆粕替代部分普通豆粕,试验期28 d.结果表明:1)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅳ、V组体增重分别显著提高了3.87％、4.38％(P＜0.05)；Ⅳ、V组料重比分别降低了4.57％ (P ＞0.05)、5.71％ (P ＜0.05)；V组成活率极显著提高了6.38％ (P ＜0.01).2)Ⅱ、V组血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05)；Ⅰ组血清尿酸含量最高,显著高于V组(P＜0.05),但与其他各组差异不显著(P＞0.05).3)Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V组十二指肠绒毛高度均极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01),其中V组最高；V组肥大细胞数量最低,极显著低于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01)；Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V组分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)阳性细胞数量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01),其中V组最高.4)Ⅱ、V组大肠杆菌数量显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P＜0.05),V组乳酸菌数量显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05).可见,在黄羽肉鸡生长前期用9％发酵豆粕替代部分普通豆粕能够提高体增重,改善料重比,提高血清中碱性磷酸酶活性并降低尿酸含量,同时提高十二指肠绒毛高度,稳定肥大细胞和sIgA阳性细胞数量,增强肠道黏膜免疫功能,并降低盲肠大肠杆菌数量,增加乳酸菌数量,改善肠道微环境.%This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented soybean meal on growth performance , serum biochemical indices, mucosal immune function and microorganism in yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 250 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into five groups, and each group included five replicates (10 broilers per replicate). Control group (group Ⅰ ) was fed a basal diet. Group Ⅱ was fed the basal diet supplemented with 15% zinc bacitracin 200 mg/kg and 10% colistin sulfate 60 mg/kg. The treatment groups (groups Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ ) were fed the basal diet replaced some of common soybean meal with 3% , 6% and 9% fermented soybean meal,respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with group Ⅰ , the body weight gain of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly increased by 3. 87% and 4. 38% (P <0. 05) , respectively; the feed/gain of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly reduced by 4. 75% (P >0. 05) and 5. 71% (P <0. 05) , respectively; the rate of survival of group Ⅴ was significantly increased by 6. 38% (P <0. 01). 2) The activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P <0. 05) , uric acid content in serum of group Ⅴ was significantly lower than that of group Ⅰ(P <0. 05) , and the other groups were no significant differences (P>0.05). 3) Compared with group Ⅰ , duodenum villus height of groups Ⅱ,ⅢⅣand Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P <0.01), and group V was the highest. The number of mast cells of group Ⅴ was significantly decreased compared with group Ⅰ (P <0.01). The number of secretory immunoglobulin A (slgA) positive cells of groups Ⅱ , Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly increased compared with group Ⅰ (P <0. 01) , and group Ⅴ was the highest in all. 4) The number of Escherichia coli of groups Ⅱ and Ⅴ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P <0. 05) , and the number of Lactoba-cillus of group V was significantly increased compared with group Ⅰ ( P <0. 05). It is concluded that fermented soybean meal can improve the body weight gain and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum, decrease feed/gain and uric acid content in serum, increase duodenal villus height, make the number of mast cells and slgA-positive cells stable and intestinal micro environment better, reduce the number of Escherichia coli in cecum, and increase the number of Lactobacillus in yellow-feathered broilers and the best replacement rate in prior period is 9% .
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