蒙脱石对采食霉变花生粕型饲粮肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响

摘要

本试验旨在研究蒙脱石对采食天然黄曲霉素毒素B1（AFB1）污染花生粕型饲粮的肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响，确定蒙脱石作为霉菌吸附剂的饲用效果。选用288只1日龄爱拔益加（ AA）健康公雏，随机分为4组，每组6个重复，每个重复12只鸡。正对照组饲喂玉米－豆粕型基础饲粮，负对照组饲粮用自然霉变花生粕（含AFB11284．21μg／kg；前期、后期饲粮分别添加8．8％和12．0％）替代部分豆粕，试验组分别在负对照组饲粮中添加2．0 g／kg的天然或改性蒙脱石。试验期42 d。结果表明：1）与正对照组相比，霉变花生粕显著降低了肉仔鸡平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）、42日龄胸肌率和腿肌率以及血浆蛋白含量（P＜0．05），显著提高了料重比和免疫器官指数（ P＜0．05）。2）与负对照组相比，天然或改性蒙脱石均显著提高了肉仔鸡ADG、ADFI及血浆蛋白含量（ P＜0．05），显著降低了免疫器官指数（ P＜0．05）。3）与天然蒙脱石组相比，改性蒙脱石显著提高了肉仔鸡 ADG 及血浆总蛋白和白蛋白含量（ P＜0．05），显著降低了胸腺指数（ P＜0．05）。综上，AFB1污染的霉变花生粕能降低肉仔鸡的生长性能和免疫功能，蒙脱石能缓解AFB1引起的不良影响，改性蒙脱石作用效果更佳。%This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of montmorillonite on growth performance and immune function of broilers fed diets containing peanut meal naturally polluted with aflatoxin B1(AFB1), with an aim to determine the feeding results of montmorillonite as an adsorbent. A total of 288 one⁃day⁃old Ar⁃bor Acre ( AA) male broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates containing 12 birds each. The four diets formulated included a corn⁃soybean meal basal diet ( positive control group) , a negative diet with naturally mouldy peanut meal ( AFB1 content was 1 284.21 μg/kg, with 8.8% and 12.0% for starter and grower period) to replace part of soybean meal ( negative control group) , and two contaminated diets sup⁃plemented with 2.0 g/kg natural or modified montmorillonite based on the negative control group diet. The ex⁃periment lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1 ) compared with the positive control group, AFB1 contaminated peanut meal diet significantly decreased average daily gain ( ADG) , average daily feed in⁃take ( ADFI) , percentage of breast muscle and leg muscle of broilers at 42 days of age, and plasma protein contents ( P<0.05) , while significantly increased the ratio of feed to gain and immune organ indices of broilers ( P<0.05) . 2) Compared with the negative control group, the natural or modified montmorillonite significantly increased ADG, ADFI and plasma protein contents ( P<0.05) , and significantly inhibited immune organ indi⁃ces of broilers ( P<0.05) . 3) Compared with the natural montmorillonite group, the modified montmorillonite significantly increased ADG and contents of total protein and albumin in plasma (P<0.05), and significantly decreased thymus index of broilers (P<0.05). In conclusion, AFB1 contaminated peanut meal decreases the growth performance and immune functions of broilers, and dietary supplementation of natural or modified montmorillonite can ameliorate the negative effects of AFB1, and the modified montmorillonite gets the better effects.