芪楂口服液药渣发酵前后对断奶仔猪血浆生化参数和抗氧化能力的影响

摘要

为了探讨中药渣用于断奶仔猪养殖的可行性,比较研究了芪楂口服液药渣发酵前和发酵后对断奶仔猪血浆生化参数和抗氧化能力的影响.试验选用21日龄断奶仔猪120头,随机分为4组,分别为空白对照组(不添加抗生素和氧化锌)、芪楂口服液药渣组(添加5 kg/t芪楂口服液药渣)、发酵芪楂口服液药渣组(添加5 kg/t发酵芪楂口服液药渣)和阳性对照组(添加0.04 kg/t维吉尼亚霉素+0.2 kg/t硫酸黏杆菌素+3 000 mg/kg氧化锌),每组5个重复,每个重复6头仔猪.试验期28 d.分别于试验第7和28天采血并测定血浆生化参数和抗氧化指标.结果表明:试验第7天,发酵芪楂口服液药渣组血浆总蛋白(TP)和球蛋白(GLB)含量显著高于2个对照组(P<0.05),白蛋白/球蛋白(ALB/GLB)值显著低于2个对照组(P<0.05),天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性显著低于空白对照组(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶活性显著低于芪楂口服液药渣组和阳性对照组(P<0.05),甘油三酯含量显著高于阳性对照组(P<0.05);试验第28天,芪楂口服液药渣组血浆TP、总胆固醇含量显著高于阳性对照组(P<0.05),ALB/GLB值显著低于阳性对照组(P<0.05),发酵芪楂口服液药渣组血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著低于芪楂口服液药渣组(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著低于芪楂口服液药渣组和空白对照组(P<0.05).与试验第7天相比,试验第28天芪楂口服液药渣组血浆过氧化氢酶活性、发酵芪楂口服液药渣组血浆TP和GLB含量以及GSH-Px活性显著降低(P<0.05),2个对照组血浆TP、GLB和ALB含量均显著降低(P<0.05),芪楂口服液药渣组血浆SOD活性、发酵芪楂口服液药渣组和阳性对照组的ALB/GLB值均显著升高(P<0.05).综上所述,饲粮添加芪楂口服液药渣可以提高仔猪免疫力,芪楂口服液药渣发酵前后均对肝脏无不利影响,可作为饲料添加剂用于养猪生产.%The present study was conducted to determine the effects of Qi-Zha oral solution residues (QOR) and their fermented product on plasma biochemical parameters and antioxidant ability of weaned piglets, to explore the feasibility of dietary supplementation with herbal residues.A total of 120 piglets weaned at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to one of four groups with five replicates per group and six piglets per replicate, representing blank control group (without adding antibiotics and zinc oxide), QOR group (supplemented with 5 kg/t QOR), fermented QOR group (supplemented with 5 kg/t fermented QOR) and positive control group (supplemented with 0.04 kg/t virginiamycin+0.2 kg/t colimycin+3 000 mg/kg zinc oxide).The experiment lasted for 28 days, and at the 7th and 28th day of the experiment, the blood samples were collected, respectively, for determining biochemical parameters and antioxidant indices.The results showed that, at the 7th day of the experiment, dietary supplemented with fermented QOR significantly increased the plasma contents of total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) (P<0.05), and significantly decreased the ratio of albumin to GLB (ABL/GLB) (P<0.05) compared with the two control groups, as well as significantly increased plasma triglyceride content compared with the positive control group (P<0.05), while significantly decreased the plasma aspartic transaminase activity compared with the blank control group (P<0.05) and the plasma alkaline phosphatase activity compared with the QOR group and two control groups (P<0.05).At the 28th day of the experiment, dietary supplemented with QOR significantly increased the plasma contents of TP and total cholesterol (P<0.05), while significantly decreased ALB/GLB (P<0.05) compared with the positive control group, dietary supplemented with fermented QOR significantly decreased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared with the QOR group (P<0.05), and also significantly decreased the plasma glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity compared with the QOR group and blank control group (P<0.05).At the 28th day of the experiment, the plasma catalase activity in QOR group, contents of TP and GLB and GSH-Px activity in the fermented QOR group, and the plasma contents of TP, GLB and ALB in two control groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the plasma SOD activity in the QOR group, ALB/GLB in the fermented QOR group and positive control group were significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with the 7th day of the experiment.Collectively, these findings suggest that dietary supplementated with the QOR can improve the immunity of weaned piglets, and dietary supplementated with the QOR or fermented QOR do not adversely affect the liver.Therefore, they can be used as feed additive in swine production.