喜鹊和山斑鸠体内棘口科吸虫的种类鉴定

摘要

为鉴定喜鹊和山斑鸠体内棘口吸虫种类，本文采用形态学结合分子生物学方法对其进行了种类鉴定。分子生物学结果显示，来源于喜鹊和山斑鸠虫体的线粒体NADH脱氢酶1（ND1）基因同源性为99%，在构建的系统发育树中，两种鸟的虫体ND1序列归类在同一分支，与其亲缘关系最近的是强壮棘口吸虫（Echinostoma robustum）和弗氏棘口吸虫（E. friedi）。形态学观测结果显示，来自同一种鸟的虫体具有相似的形态结构，而两种鸟之间的虫体形态存在一定差异；通过比较所获得虫体与强壮棘口吸虫、弗氏棘口吸虫之间的形态特征，发现这两种鸟体内检出的棘口吸虫均与弗氏棘口吸虫的的形态特征更为相符。结合分子生物学和形态学鉴定的结果，确定感染喜鹊和山斑鸠的棘口科吸虫均为弗氏棘口吸虫，这是弗氏棘口吸虫在国内的首次报道，喜鹊和山斑鸠应为弗氏棘口吸虫的新宿主。%In order to identify species of the parasites, which were collected from magpie (Pica pica) and oriental turtle dove (Streptopelia orientalis), belonging to the family Echinostomatidae (Trematoda), we used the morphology combining with molecular biology. The molec-ular biology results showed that the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) gene sequences from parasites found in magpie displayed 99% homology with that found in oriental turtle dove. In the phylogenetic tree, all the ND1 sequences from parasites found in two kinds of birds formed a monophyletic group and their closest relatives includedEchinostoma robustumand E. friedi. The morphology results showed that the parasites from the same kind of bird had similar morphological structure, but there were some differences from the different kinds of bird. Comparison of the morphological characteristics between the parasites found in magpie and oriental turtle dove toE. robustum orE.friedi indicated that the parasites found in two kinds of birds prefer to beE.friedi. According to the molecular and morphological results, two kinds of birds were infected with the same parasite identified asE.friedi. This is the first report ofE.friedi in China and the magpie and oriental turtle dove should be the new host ofE.friedi.