昆明市区气传花粉监测

摘要

目的：调查昆明市区2009年12月到2010年11月大气花粉种类及含量，指导本地区花粉症的预防和临床免疫治疗。方法采用重力沉降法，曝片调查昆明市区2009年12月到2010年11月大气花粉种类及含量。结果共收集花粉27295粒，分属53个科属，其中24个属、23个科、6种；全年气传花粉呈现2次飘散高峰，分别为1至4月和9至11月，以松属和桤属花粉为主，分别占全年花粉总量的39．88％和25．34％。结论与1987至1989年调查数据相比新增27种；柏科、雪松属明显降低，桤属明显增多。这可能与气候变化，城市绿化有关。新增的草属花粉应当引起高度重视，建议重新制定符合当前情况的过敏原皮肤试验范围，调整临床免疫治疗方案。%Objective To investigate the species,amount and seasonal distribution of airborne pollens in Kunming City from December 2009 to November 2010,forming the basis of the guidelines for prevention and specific immunotherapy of hay fever.Methods The airborne pollen monitoring was performed by Gravitational Method using Ye’s Sampler in Kunming City since December 2009 to November 2010. Results 27 295 pollens grains/1 000 mm2 were collected,in which 53 kinds of pollens of plants belong to 24 families,23 genera and 6 species of botanic classification were identified.Peak values of mensal pollens counts were seen in January to April and September to November respectively.Pinus and Alnus pollen were major airborne pollens,accounting for 39.88% and 25.34% of the total annual pollen count respectively. Conclusion Compared to the data of 1987 to 1989,there were 27 kinds of airborne pollen were newly identified;the percentages of the total annual pollen count of CUPRESSACEAE and Cedrus pollens were decreased obviously,whereas Alnus pollens increased in 2009—2010.Both of kinds and amount of airborne pollens in Kunming changed a lot compared to the data of 20 years before,which may be related to climate change and city afforestation in Kunming.It should be attached importance to the presence of Humulus pollen newly discovered in Kunming.It suggested that the allergen skin tests panel and formulation of specific immunotherapy should be adjusted.