严重过敏反应的加重因素及作用机制

摘要

Anaphylaxis is a rapid-onset, severe, even life-threaten systemic reaction mediated by type I allergic reaction.Many factors can aggravate the severity of anaphylaxis, which is called trigger factors or co-factors. Some kinds of medicines such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAID) and concomitant infectious diseases are well-documented co-factors of anaphylaxis besides physical exercises or alcohol consumption. Co-factors involve in about 30%of anaphylactic reactions.The underlying mechanisms that co-factors aggravate the severity of anaphylaxis include increasing of bioavailability of allergens and decreasing of cell activation threshold.%严重过敏反应是一种严重的、可危及生命的全身多系统速发变态反应，一般通过Ⅰ型变态反应诱发。多种因素可加重严重过敏反应的发生，被视为加重因素或伴发因素，除了运动和酒精因素，目前的研究显示多种药物和感染因素的存在也是严重过敏反应的伴发因素。约30％的严重过敏反应有伴发因素的存在。伴发因素加重严重过敏反应发生的机制主要是降低效应细胞活化的阈值及增加变应原的生物利用度。