目的:调查了解目前中国医院患者安全文化现状及其特点,比较分析差距及其原因,为推进国内医院患者安全文化提供决策参考.方法:采用美国医疗保健研究与质量局制定的医院患者安全文化调查量表,对全国56所二、三级医院医务人员和管理者进行在线问卷调查,运用SPSS 17.0软件进行描述性统计分析.结果:本调查共收到有效问卷19596份.2016年中国医院患者安全文化总体积极评价率为62％,低于美国同期的66％;“部门内部合作”维度的积极评价率最高(83％), “事件报告的上报频率”“员工情况”及“对于过失的非惩罚性”等维度积极评价率均未达到50％,属于待改进领域.结论:2016年中国医院患者安全文化积极评价率略低于美国,主要与中国医院“对于非过失的非惩罚性反应”“沟通的开放性”“员工情况”3个维度积极评价率偏低有关,其主要受中国医院改进文化缺失和医务人员工作负荷重两大因素综合影响.建议各级医院应采取包括教育培训、增加人员、持续质量改进等措施,促进患者安全文化形成.建议每2年开展一次调查,扩大调查覆盖面,以强化患者安全意识.%Objectives:To learn status quo,characters,gaps between hospitals and its causes of patient safety culture in Chinese hospitals and to give reference on policy decision-making of hospital patient safety culture.Methods:Cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted in 56 secondary and tertiary hospitals based on Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire authorized by AHRQ.Data was obtained and analyzed by the SPSS 17.0 software for descriptive statistics analysis and chi-square analysis.Results:The survey received 19596 valid questionnaires.The overall positive evaluation rate of safety culture in 56 Chinese hospitals in 2016 was 62％,comparatively lower than in the United States."Department cooperation" dimension has got the highest positive evaluation rate of 83％,while the dimensions of "Frequency of events reported ","Health professional's workload" and" non-punished culture" have got comparatively lower positive evaluation rates(＜50％).Conclusions:patient safety culture positive rates in Chinese hospitals were slightly lower than those in the United States in 2016,mainly related with punished culture,lack of communication and heavy workload of health professionals.It was suggested that hospitals at all levels in China should adopt measures to promote patient safety culture,such as education and training,increase staffing,continuous quality improvement,etc.The culture survey should be done in every two years and expand its coverage in order to promote patient safety culture in China.
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