Research Institute of Forestry;
Chinese Academy of Forestry;
Beijing 100091;
China;
Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation;
State Forestry Administration;
Beijing 100091;
China;
College of Soil and Water Conservation;
Beijing Forestry University;
Beijing 100083;
China;
exclusion treatments; vegetation variation; soil factors; biodiversity; multi-response permutation procedures; gradient analysis;