A new two-tier dynamic addressing (TTDA) protocol for cluster-based wireless sensor networks is proposed in this paper. The TIDA protocol adopts the two-tier address assignment, that is, the base station assigns addresses for the cluster heads and the cluster heads assign addresses for their cluster members. In order to reduce energy consumption, the Huffman coding is used by the base station when assigning addresses to cluster heads, so shorter addresses are allocated to cluster heads which are far from the base station. The address assignment is lease-based and would expire after a eertain period of time, so the address could be reused if a node fails. In order to assign address to newly-deployed nodes,address reservation and real-time address assignment are also taken into account. TTDA has high flexibility to meet the needs of both the MAC protocol and network layer protocols. The mathematical analysis and experiment results show that the TTDA protocol outperforms the existing protocols in some key performance metrics, such as message overhead control,energy consumption in address transmission, and success ratio of address allocation.%针对分簇无线传感器网络提出了一种新的两层动态地址分配(TTDA)协议.TTDA采用两级地址分配方式,即基站为簇头分配地址,簇头为簇成员分配地址.基站为簇头分配地址时,采用Huffman编码,使得离基站更远的簇头获取更短的地址,从而节省地址传输能耗.地址分配基于租约,只在一段时间内有效,因此节点失效后可以回收其地址.T1DA采取地址预留和即时地址分配等手段,以及时为新补充节点分配有效地址.TTDA地址具有灵活的形式,可以同时适应MAC协议和网络层的地址需求.数学分析和仿真实验表明,TTDA算法在地址分配的控制信息开销、节能、地址分配成功率、为新补充节点分配地址等关键性能指标上比现有算法表现更好.
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