结直肠癌常用筛查方法综述

摘要

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent cancers in North America.The identification of individuals at risk and the early diagnosis of CRC are of critical importance since a large proportion can be prevented or cured by surgical removal before metastasis has occurred.The strategies used for screening have been based primarily on fecal occult blood tests,barium enema,flexible sigmoidoscopy,and colonoscopy.The best method for population screening still remains uncertain,molecular screening or other new techniques will hopefully soon complement these methods and may result in a reduction of morbidity and mortality from CRC.This review discusses the current various CRC screening methods and other potential screening tests,and finally outlines the future CRC screening program development.%结直肠癌是北美地区最常见的恶性肿瘤之一.由于大部分未发生转移的结直肠癌都可以通过手术切除的方式实施预防或治疗,因此结直肠癌高危个体的识别和早期诊断显得尤其重要.常用的筛查措施主要包括粪便隐血试验、钡灌肠检查、纤维乙状结肠镜与结肠镜检查等.目前适用于人群筛查的最佳方法尚不确定,分子筛查及其他新的技术有望应用于人群结直肠癌筛查,将有助于减少结直肠癌的发病率和病死率.本文讨论了几种结直肠癌的筛查方法以及其他潜在的筛查试验.并概述了结直肠癌筛查项目的 发展趋势.