我国社区人群常见心理问题及其心理咨询方法的研究进展

摘要

心理咨询是社区心理服务的重要组成部分。本文通过综述儿童青少年、老年人、特定生理期女性等社区重点人群的常见心理问题研究进展，发现焦虑和抑郁是儿童青少年时期主要的情绪问题；产后抑郁和更年期综合征是女性最为常见的心理问题；孤独、焦虑和抑郁等是老年人常见的心理问题。通过综述社区心理咨询方法、形式和特点的研究进展，发现社区心理咨询中最常采用的方法为以行为疗法为主，认知疗法次之；采取的形式以个体咨询、团体咨询和心理健康教育等最为多见；我国社区心理咨询发展现阶段，在接受心理咨询的人群、费用和形式等方面均与西方国家心理咨询存在差异。%Counseling is an important part of community mental services. This article made a review of the research progress on common mental problems in specific community populations, such as adolescents, elders and women in particular physiological phases. The findings are as follows: anxiety and depression are the major emotional problems in adolescents;postpartum depression and menopausal syndrome are common mental problems in women; loneliness, anxiety and depression are common mental problems in elders. By the review of research progress on community psychological counseling methods, modes and features, the findings are as follows: behavioral therapy is the most common method in community psychological counseling and cognitive therapy takes the second place; individual counseling, group counseling and mental health education are the most common modes; in the current stage of community psychological counseling in China, there are differences from the case of community psychological counseling in western countries in the aspects of population, cost and mode.