大学生依恋类型、亲密关系满意度与抑郁的关系研究

摘要

Objective To explore the relationship between attachment styles, satisfaction degree of intimate relationship and depression of college students.Methods 180 pairs of male and female college students who were in love were selected from 3 universities of Shanghai from March to May in 2015 by convenience sampling method.By questionnaire survey, male and female college students in love were recruited to enroll in the investigation, a total of 360 questionnaires were sent out (180 pairs), 336 were valid questionnaires (168 pairs), and the effective response rate was 93.3%.The revised simple version of Experiences in Close Relationship Scale ( ECR) , Perceived Relationship Quality Components Scale ( PRQC) and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale ( CES -D ) were adopted to measure the attachment styles, satisfaction degree of intimate relationships and depression respectively.Pearson correlation analysis was used in correlation analysis between different measurement data; unitary linear regression analysis was applied in analyzing influencing factors.Results The scores of boys in attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, intimacy satisfaction degree, depression scores were (2.5 ±0.7), (2.1 ±0.6), (5.8 ±0.9), and (1.6 ±0.4) respectively, while the scores of girls in the above aspects were (2.6 ±0.7), (2.3 ±0.6), (5.6 ±1.0), (1.6 ±0.4) respectively.There was a linearly negative correlation between boys′scores of attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance and satisfaction scores of their own intimate relationships ( P<0.05 ) , a linear positive correlation was found in attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance scores and their own depression scores ( P <0.05 ) , and there was a linearly negative correlation between satisfaction scores of intimate relationship and their own depression scores ( P <0.05 ) . There was a linearly negative correlation between girls′scores of attachment avoidance and satisfaction scores of intimate relationships (P<0.05), a linear positive correlation was found in attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance scores and their own depression scores ( P <0.05 ) , and there was a linearly negative correlation between satisfaction scores of intimate relationship and their own depression scores ( P <0.05 ) .There was a linearly negative correlation between boys′scores of attachment avoidance and girls′satisfaction scores of intimate relationship ( P <0.05 ) , and there was a linearly positive correlation between attachment anxiety as well as attachment avoidance scores and depression scores of girls ( P<0.05 ) .There was a linearly negative correlation between girls′attachment avoidance scores and boys′satisfaction scores of intimate relationships (P<0.05), and there was a linearly positive correlation between attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance scores of girls and depression scores of boys ( P <0.05 ) .Unitary linear regression analysis showed that attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance scores of boys were influence factors of their own satisfaction scores of intimate relationships and depression scores ( P<0.05); attachment avoidance scores of girls were influence factors of their own satisfaction scores of intimate relationships (P<0.05); scores of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were influence factors of their own depression scores ( P<0.05); boys′scores of attachment avoidance were influence factors of girls′satisfaction scores of intimate relationships ( P<0.05), scores of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were influence factors of depression scores of girls (P<0.05);girls′scores of attachment avoidance were influence factors of boys′satisfaction scores of intimate relationships ( P<0.05 ) , scores of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were influence factors of depression scores of boys ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusion Secure attachment style can not only decrease individual depression degree, but also improve the satisfaction degree of their intimate relationships, and lower their partner′s depression level.%目的：探讨大学生依恋类型、亲密关系满意度与抑郁的关系。方法于2015年3—5月，采用方便抽样法，在上海市某3所高校抽取恋爱中的男女大学生180对。采用问卷调查的方式，招募恋爱中的男女大学生报名参加，共发放问卷360份（180对），回收有效问卷336份（168对），有效回收率为93．3％。采用修订的亲密关系体验量表简版（ ECR－R）测量依恋类型；采用感知亲密关系质量量表（ PRQC）测量亲密关系满意度；采用流调中心用抑郁量表（ CES－D）测量抑郁。不同计量资料间的相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析；影响因素分析采用一元线性回归分析。结果男生依恋焦虑、依恋回避、亲密关系满意度、抑郁得分分别为（2．5±0．7）、（2．1±0．6）、（5．8±0．9）、（1．6±0．4）分，女生分别为（2．6±0．7）、（2．3±0．6）、（5．6±1．0）、（1．6±0．4）分。男生依恋焦虑、依恋回避得分与自身亲密关系满意度得分呈直线负相关（P＜0．05），依恋焦虑、依恋回避得分与自身抑郁得分呈直线正相关（P＜0．05），亲密关系满意度得分与自身抑郁得分呈直线负相关（P＜0．05）。女生依恋回避得分与亲密关系满意度得分呈直线负相关（P＜0．05），依恋焦虑、依恋回避得分与自身抑郁得分呈直线正相关（P＜0．05），亲密关系满意度得分与自身抑郁得分呈直线负相关（P＜0．05）。男生依恋回避得分与女生亲密关系满意度得分呈直线负相关（P＜0．05），依恋焦虑、依恋回避得分与女生抑郁得分呈直线正相关（ P＜0．05）。女生依恋回避得分与男生亲密关系满意度得分呈直线负相关（P＜0．05），女生依恋焦虑、依恋回避得分与男生抑郁得分呈直线正相关（P＜0．05）。一元线性回归分析结果显示，男生依恋焦虑、依恋回避得分是自身亲密关系满意度、抑郁得分的影响因素（ P＜0．05）；女生依恋回避得分是自身亲密关系满意度的影响因素（ P＜0．05），依恋焦虑、依恋回避得分是自身抑郁得分的影响因素（ P＜0．05）；男生依恋回避得分是女生亲密关系满意度得分的影响因素（ P＜0．05），依恋焦虑、依恋回避得分是女生抑郁得分的影响因素（P＜0．05）；女生依恋回避得分是男生亲密关系满意度得分的影响因素（P＜0．05），依恋焦虑、依恋回避得分是男生抑郁得分的影响因素（ P＜0．05）。结论安全的依恋类型不仅可以减少个体自身抑郁程度，还可提高恋人的亲密关系满意度、降低对方的抑郁水平。