Objective To investigate current basic medical care service capability of primary heathcare institutions in pastoral areas of northern Xinjiang. Methods From July to August 2014,through applying the typical sampling method,we chose 2 township hospitals in Halabula Town( Town H),Xinyuan County,Kazak Autonomous Prefecture of Ili and Areletuobie Town(Town A),Qinghe County,Altay Prefecture. Besides,we used the random number table method to choose 10 village clinics within the prefecture ( 6 in Town H,4 in Town A ) as organizations to be investigated. " Questionnaire for Health Organizations( Town Level/Village Level )" has been used to investigate the following:basic condition of participating organizations,current condition of basic medical care services and the allocation of fundamental facilities and equipment. The random number table method has been used to choose 24 health care staff(18 from Town H,16 from Town A),10 doctors from clinics of the involved villages(6 from Town H,4 from Town A)." Questionnaire for Health Human Resources" has been applied to investigate the fundamental and training condition of the involved healthcare staff. In the meantime,15 key insiders have been chosen through the method of purpose sampling to carry out in - depth interviews. Results ( 1 ) Deployment percentage of primary healthcare services at township hospitals was 30. 7%(17. 5/57). Respectively,it is 42. 1%(24/57) for Town H and 19. 3%(11/57)for Town A;The village clinics all provided simple diagnostic and treatment service including blood pressure measurement,blood sugar monitoring,intravenous drip,intramuscular injection,etc. However,only 2 basic types of healthcare service have been provided:out-patient registration and prescription,and home visit. Among 34 healthcare staff,97. 1%(33/34)are with diploma of junior college or below,94. 1%(32/34)are with primary title or below,and 44. 1%(15/34)are with no certificate for practice. 24 of them(70. 6%)have attended training projects,among which 16 are township clinics ( 66. 7%), and 8 are village clinics ( 80. 0%) . The business premise areas of 2 township clinics are respectively 1 977 and 700 square meters,with the distribution rate of fundamental equipment of 79. 4%(27/34)and the distribution rate of supporting equipment of 21. 4%( 3/14 ) . 10 village clinics enjoy an average business premise area of ( 70 ± 4)m2. The distribution rate of common equipment is 41. 4%(12/29). We can come up with 3 related topics from the in-depth interviews. They are:the poor implementation of basic emergency medical service in pastoral areas, the lack of basic medicines in pastoral areas,and that the great deficiency of healthcare staff has become the key factor to limit the basic medical service development in pastoral areas. Conclusion The basic medical care services capability of primary healthcare institutions is weak in pastoral areas of northern Xinjiang. There is a great need for healthcare staff. There is a certain gap in terms of healthcare personnel quality,training situation and basic facilities and equipment between that of the northern Xinjiang and the national requirements.%目的：了解北疆牧区基层医疗机构的基本医疗服务能力现状。方法于2014年7—8月，采用典型抽样法抽取伊犁哈萨克自治州新源县哈拉布拉乡（哈乡）和阿勒泰地区青河县阿热勒托别乡（阿乡）的乡镇卫生院2所，另采用随机数字表法抽取辖区内村卫生室10所（哈乡6所、阿乡4所）作为调查机构，采用《卫生机构调查表（乡级/村级）》对纳入机构的基本情况、基本医疗服务开展情况、基础设施设备配置情况进行调查。采用随机数字表法在乡镇卫生院抽取卫生人员24例（哈乡18例、阿乡6例），同时纳入村卫生室的村医10例（哈乡6例、阿乡4例），采用《卫生人力资源调查表》对纳入卫生人员的基本情况、参加培训情况进行调查。同期，采用目的抽样的方法抽取哈乡和阿乡关键知情人15例，进行深入访谈。结果乡镇卫生院的平均基本医疗服务项目开展率为30.7%（17.5/57），哈乡和阿乡分别为42.1%（24/57）、19.3%（11/57）；村卫生室均开展了血压测量、血糖监测、静脉滴注、肌肉注射等简单诊疗服务，但仅开展了门诊登记本和处方、家庭出诊2项基本医疗服务。34例卫生人员中，97.1%（33/34）为大专及以下学历，94.1%（32/34）为初级及以下职称，44.1%（15/34）不具备执业资格。共24例（70.6%）参加过培训，其中乡镇卫生院16例（66.7%）、村卫生室8例（80.0%）。2所乡镇卫生院的业务用房面积分别为1977、700 m2，基础设备配置率为79.4%（27/34），配套设备配置率为21.4%（3/14）；10所村卫生室的平均业务用房面积为（70±4）m2，常用设备配置率为41.4%（12/29）。深度访谈共提炼出3个相关主题，分别为牧区基层急救医疗开展不足、牧区基层基本药物缺乏、卫生人员匮乏已成为制约牧区基本医疗服务发展的关键。结论北疆牧区基层医疗机构的基本医疗服务能力较薄弱，卫生人员匮乏，卫生人员素质和参加培训情况、基础设施设备配置情况与国家要求仍有一定距离。
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