南昌市HIV感染者或AIDS患者社会资本现况及其对生存质量影响的调查研究

摘要

目的 探讨南昌市HIV感染者或AIDS患者(PLWHA)社会资本现况及对生理、心理健康的影响,为改善其生存质量提供参考依据.方法 于2015年1-6月,选取南昌市东湖区和青云谱区疾病预防控制中心登记并确诊的PLWHA为研究对象.采用自行设计的调查表调查PLWHA基本情况,包括性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻状况、文化程度、月收入、职业、感染途径、感染身份暴露情况、CD+4T淋巴细胞计数.采用个人社会资本量表测量PLWHA的社会资本,简体中文版HIV感染者生存质量量表(MOS-HIV)测量PLWHA生存质量.结果 本研究共调查230例,有效问卷225份,有效应答率为97.8%.PLWHA纽带社会资本得分、桥梁社会资本得分和社会资本总分分别为(14.1±3.4)、(9.5±3.4)、(23.6±5.6)分,均低于常模(P<0.05).PLWHA简体中文版MOS-HIV生理健康得分为(51.9±7.0)分,心理健康得分为(49.3±6.6)分.多因素线性回归分析显示,社会资本各条目中,对网络成员的信任度、网络成员的支持帮助、网络成员所拥有的资源、团体组织所拥有的资源是PLWHA生理健康的影响因素(P<0.05),网络成员的数量、与网络成员的日常联系、对网络成员的信任度、网络成员所拥有的资源是PLWHA心理健康的影响因素(P<0.05).结论 南昌市PLWHA社会资本较低,纽带社会资本对PLWHA生存质量具有重要影响.%Objective To investigate the status of personal-level social capital and its impact on the physical and mental health among people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA) in Nanchang,in order to provide reference for improving the quality of life of PLWHA.Methods A cross-sectional survey was done in Nanchang Donghu Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Nanchang Qingyunpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January to June,2015,based on the sample of PLWHA diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and registered in the two institutions.The self-developed socio-demographic questionnaire was used to collect the baseline characteristics of the PLWHA,including gender,age,place of residence,marital status,educational attainment,monthly income,occupation,route of HIV infection,HIV-status disclosure and CD+4 T cell count.Personal Social Capital Scale(PSCS) was used to measure the personal-level social capital and MOS-HIV was used to evaluate the quality of life in PLWHA.Results This study was conducted with the total enrollment of 230 PLWHA for full interview,and 97.8% of them(225/230) returning responsive questionnaires were selected as the final participants.The scores of bonding social capital,bridging social capital and total social capital of the PLWHA were(14.1±3.4),(9.5±3.4) and(23.6±5.6) respectively,all of them were lower than those of the normals(P<0.05).The scores of physical health and mental health were(51.9±7.0) and(49.3±6.6) respectively,among the participants.Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that,of the items of PSCS,the belief in network members,support and help of network members,resources owned by network members,resources owned by groups were the correlation factors for physical health of the PLWHA(P<0.05);number of network members,daily contact with network members,the belief in network members,resources owned by network members had significant effects on the mental health of the PLWHA(P<0.05).Conclusion The PLWHA in Nanchang have unsatisfactory personal-level social capital.Bonding social capital has a significant impact on their quality of life.