心理咨询效果影响因素的研究现状与展望

摘要

Psychological counseling would lose its reasonability of existence if it has no good treatment outcome. Both internal and external factors of counseling sessions can affect the treatment outcome. Although highlighted views on this issue from psychotherapies and counseling theories proposed by different psychological schools vary wildly,the compromise views based on integrating the thoughts of various schools have become the mainstream. This paper traced the origins of influencing factors of psychological counseling suggested by a variety of psychological theories,particularly discussed the influencing factors in session including the counselor' s verbal response, client behavior and working alliance, and intersession covering intersession experience,sudden gain and consultation expectation. Moreover,this paper put forward the problems existing in current research and the direction of future exploration,intensively investigated more factors affecting the treatment outcome,and pointed out that the present research methods need to be improved further,and there are still some defects in the related measurement tools.%如果心理咨询缺乏效果，那么其便丧失了存在的合理性。影响心理咨询效果的因素既包括咨询过程中的内部要素，也包括咨询过程之外的外部相关要素。不同流派的心理治疗与咨询理论所强调的因素虽然各有不同，但目前综合各流派观点的折中主义已经成为主流观念。本文对各种心理学理论所提出的影响心理咨询效果的因素进行了溯源，着重探讨了影响心理咨询效果的会谈因素和会谈间因素，前者包括咨询师的言语反应、来访者行为、工作同盟，后者则包括会谈间体验、突然获益、咨询期望。并在此基础上，提出了现有研究存在的问题和未来探索的方向：深入探索影响心理咨询效果的更多因素、研究方法有待进一步完善、相关研究的测量工具依然存在缺陷。